Kim James

Inhalation by Design: Novel Ultra-Long-Acting β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists for Inhaled Once-Daily Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease That Utilize a Sulfonamide Agonist Headgroup

A novel series of potent and selective sulfonamide derived β(2)-adrenoreceptor agonists are described that exhibit potential as inhaled ultra-long-acting bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Analogues from this series mediate very long-lasting smooth muscle relaxation in guinea pig tracheal strips. The sulfonamide agonist headgroup confers high levels of intrinsic crystallinity that could relate to the acidic sulfonamide motif supporting a zwitterionic form in the solid state. Optimization of pharmacokinetic properties was achieved through targeted introduction of a phenolic moiety to support rapid phase II clearance, thereby minimizing systemic exposure following inhalation and reducing systemically mediated adverse events. Compound 38 (PF-610355) is identified as a clinical candidate from this series, with in vivo duration of action studies confirming its potential for once-daily use in humans. Compound 38 is currently in advanced phase II clinical studies.

Inhalation by Design: Novel Tertiary Amine Muscarinic M3 Receptor Antagonists with Slow Off-Rate Binding Kinetics for Inhaled Once-Daily Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A novel tertiary amine series of potent muscarinic M(3) receptor antagonists are described that exhibit potential as inhaled long-acting bronchodilators for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Geminal dimethyl functionality present in this series of compounds confers very long dissociative half-life (slow off-rate) from the M(3) receptor that mediates very long-lasting smooth muscle relaxation in guinea pig tracheal strips. Optimization of pharmacokinetic properties was achieved by combining rapid oxidative clearance with targeted introduction of a phenolic moiety to secure rapid glucuronidation. Together, these attributes minimize systemic exposure following inhalation, mitigate potential drug-drug interactions, and reduce systemically mediated adverse events. Compound 47 (PF-3635659) is identified as a Phase II clinical candidate from this series with in vivo duration of action studies confirming its potential for once-daily use in humans.

Adenosine-2'-monophosphate derivatives: structural requirements as substrates for inositol monophosphatase

Abstract Synthesis of derivatives and carbocyclic analogues of adenosine-2′-monophosphate, a substrate for bovine inositol monophosphatase, shows that the 1-purine heterocycle and the 4-hydroxymethyl are not required for binding to the enzyme. In contrast, the cyclic ether oxygen is necessary for efficient phosphate hydrolysis.

Transannular reactions of 5-hydroxylamino and 5-azido dibenzo[a,e]cyclo-octatrienes: regiospecific syntheses of dibenzohomotropane and pavine analogues

5-Hydroxylamino- and 5-methoxylamino-5-methyldibenzo[a,e]cyclo-octatrienes readily cyclise to give azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (dibenzohomotropane) products; thermolysis of the 5-azide yields the tricyclic [3.2.1.0] aziridine, which selectively cleaves to give the azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (pavine) ring system.