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Dive into the research topics where Kimmo Rasa is active.

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Featured researches published by Kimmo Rasa.


Agricultural and Food Science | 2008

Compressive behaviour of the soil in buffer zones under different management practices in Finland.

Mari Räty; Rainer Horn; Kimmo Rasa

Hydrologiselta kannalta suojavyohykkeiden ja -kaistojen tarkoitus on pintavalunnan hillitseminen ja imeynnan eli infiltraation edistaminen. Koska maan rakenne vaikuttaa keskeisesti suojavyohykkeiden ja -kaistojen toimintaan, tassa tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin suojakaistojen hoitotoimenpiteista aiheutuvia mahdollisia muutoksia maan fysikaalisiin (irtotiheys ja ilmanjohtavuus) ominaisuuksiin ja maan kokoonpuristumisominaisuuksiin. Tutkittuja hoitotoimenpiteita olivat niitto ja niittojatteen poiskorjaaminen, laidunnus seka alueen jattaminen luonnontilaan.Jokioisilla savimaan (Vertic Cambisol) ja Maaningalla hietamaan (Haplic Regosol) koekenttien maaprofiili tutkittiin 200 cm:n (savi) ja 180 cm:n (hieta) syvyyteen saakka, ja maanaytteet otettiin kustakin horisontista. Etenkin hietamaalla oli muokkauskerroksen alapuolella kyntoantura yha havaittavissa 10 vuotta viljelyn lopettamisen ja suojakaistan perustamisen jalkeen. Savimaan syvemmissa, todennakoisesti markina lapi vuoden sailyvissa horisonteissa (90-200 cm) maan irtotiheys oli pieni ( 0,52 cm3 cm-3), vaikka orgaanisen hiilen pitoisuus (< 0,9 %) oli erittain alhainen. Maan rakenne on yha massiivinen ja hyvin heikosti kehittynyt. Suojakaistojen pintamaakerroksesta (0-3 cm) ja maaprofiilien horisonteista otetut hairiintymattomat lierionaytteet (240 cm3) kyllastettiin ja tasapainotettiin hiekkapedilla (-6 kPa). Maan ilmanjohtavuus mitattiin ja naytteita kuormitettiin 7 tunnin ajan pystysuoralla normaalivoimalla (20, 40, 70, 100, 200 ja 400 kPa), minka jalkeen kuormitus vapautettiin (1 tunti). Jannitystilan ja vastaavan muodonmuutostilan valista riippuvuutta eli maan kokoonpuristumisominaisuuksia tarkasteltiin puolilogaritmisella asteikolla toisen asteen polynomin mukaisesti sovitetun jannitys-puristumakuvaajan avulla. Maan sisaista lujuutta eli kykya vastustaa ulkoapain tulevia voimia arvioitiin ns. esitiivistysasteen avulla, joka johdettiin graafisesti ns. Casagranden menetelmalla. Maaprofiilin eri horisonttien kokoonpuristuminen oli riippuvainen maalajista, ei niinkaan hoitotoimenpiteista, ja se oli huomattavasti suurempaa savimaalla kuin hietamaalla. Molemmilla maalajeilla kokoonpuristuminen vaheni siirryttaessa pintamaasta pohjamaahan. Tama voi osaltaan selittya silla, etta veden poistuminen huokosista oli estynyt, mika esti kokoonpuristumisen. Suojakaistojen hoitotoimenpiteista laidunnus aiheutti epasuotuisia muodonmuutoksia savimaan rakenteessa, mika heijastui kaistojen heikentyneena ilmanjohtavuutena (2,7-5,1 10-5 m s-1) luonnontilaisiin kaistoihin verrattuna (15-22 10-5 m s-1). Kauttaaltaan alhaiset esitiivistysasteet voivat osin selittya varhaisella naytteenottoajankohdalla, jolloin maan rakenne on talven jaljilta heikoin mahdollinen. Laiduntaminen vaikutti kuitenkin maan kokoonpuristumisominaisuuksiin. Vaikka nuoren laidunkaistan tiivistyminen oli jo tiiviimmasta alkutilanteesta johtuen vahaista, myos puristuman kimmoinen palautuminen oli kuormituksen lakattua pienta. Vanha laidunkaista oli taas helposti tiivistyva, mutta maan pintakerrokseen keraantynyt orgaaninen aines lisasi kuormituksesta aiheutuneen puristuman palautumista. Tulosten perusteella laidunnusta tulisikin valttaa etenkin hiljattain perustetulla nurmella.


Agricultural and Food Science | 2008

Water repellency of clay, sand and organic soils in Finland

Kimmo Rasa; Rainer Horn; Mari Räty

Water repellency (WR) delays soil wetting process, increases preferential flow and may give rise to surface runoff and consequent erosion. WR is commonly recognized in the soils of warm and temperate climates. To explore the occurrence of WR in soils in Finland, soil R index was studied on 12 sites of different soil types. The effects of soil management practice, vegetation age, soil moisture and drying temperature on WR were studied by a mini-infiltrometer with samples from depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. All studied sites exhibited WR (R index >1.95) at the time of sampling. WR increased as follows: sand (R = 1.8-5.0) < clay (R = 2.4-10.3) < organic (R = 7.9-undefined). At clay and sand, WR was generally higher at the soil surface and at the older sites (14 yr.), where organic matter is accumulated. Below 41 vol. % water content these mineral soils were water repellent whereas organic soil exhibited WR even at saturation. These results show that soil WR also reduces water infiltration at the prevalent field moisture regime in the soils of boreal climate. The ageing of vegetation increases WR and on the other hand, cultivation reduces or hinders the development of WR.


Journal of Environmental Quality | 2016

A Simple Dynamic Model of Soil Test Phosphorus Responses to Phosphorus Balances

Risto Uusitalo; Jari Hyväluoma; Elena Valkama; Elise Ketoja; Annika Vaahtoranta; Perttu Virkajärvi; Juha Grönroos; Riitta Lemola; Kari Ylivainio; Kimmo Rasa; Eila Turtola

Soil test P (STP) concentration indicates whether annual P applications can be expected to give yield increases and can also indicate an elevated risk of P mobilization and potential for P transfer to surface waters and groundwater from a particular field. Changes in STP with time thus project agronomic benefits and environmental risks of different P use strategies. To predict STP changes with time, we constructed a simple dynamic model for which the input variables are P balance and initial STP. The model parameters (soil type-specific constants) were fitted using data originating from 44 P fertilizer experiments with different P rates. Model performance was evaluated using independent data sets that either had reasonably accurate input values ( = 103) or were obtained from farmers through interviews ( = 638). The simulations were in agreement with measured STP changes for both evaluation data sets when fittings were performed separately for four main soil types (clays, silts, coarse mineral soils, and organic soils). Statistical analysis confirmed that the model captured the trends in STP (NHOAc test) with acceptable accuracy and precision, with of 0.83 and 0.66 for the data with more accurate input and for farmer interview data, respectively; the corresponding model efficiency statistics were 0.88 and 0.66. The model is not restricted to use with one soil test, as fittings for several different types of soil tests can be generated. In this study, we fitted the model for Olsen P data retrieved from the literature. Agronomic use of the model includes evaluation of P use strategies, e.g., when a certain STP level is targeted or when long-term economy of P use is calculated. In an environmental context, the model can be used to predict STP changes with time under variable P balance regimes, which is essential for realistic assessment of changes in the potential for dissolved P losses.


Geoderma | 2012

Structure and pore system in differently managed clayey surface soil as described by micromorphology and image analysis

Kimmo Rasa; Thilo Eickhorst; Rolf Tippkötter; Markku Yli-Halla


Science of The Total Environment | 2006

Effects of de-icing chemicals sodium chloride and potassium formate on cadmium solubility in a coarse mineral soil.

Kimmo Rasa; Tommi Peltovuori; Helinä Hartikainen


Soil Use and Management | 2009

Shrinkage properties of differently managed clay soils in Finland

Kimmo Rasa; Rainer Horn; Mari Räty; Markku Yli-Halla; Liisa Pietola


Agricultural and Food Science | 2012

The effects of gypsum on the transfer of phosphorus and other nutrients through clay soil monoliths

Risto Uusitalo; Kari Ylivainio; Jari Hyväluoma; Kimmo Rasa; Janne Kaseva; Pauliina Nylund; Liisa Pietola; Eila Turtola


AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment | 2015

Conversion of dissolved phosphorus in runoff by ferric sulfate to a form less available to algae: Field performance and cost assessment

Risto Uusitalo; Aaro Närvänen; Antti Kaseva; Aino Launto-Tiuttu; Janne Heikkinen; Päivi Joki-Heiskala; Kimmo Rasa; Tapio Salo


Soil Use and Management | 2013

Structure and hydraulic properties of the boreal clay soil under differently managed buffer zones

Kimmo Rasa; Rainer Horn


Waste and Biomass Valorization | 2018

Possibilities of Using Liquids from Slow Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization in Acidification of Animal Slurry

Riikka Keskinen; Jari Hyväluoma; Hanne Wikberg; Anssi Källi; Tapio Salo; Kimmo Rasa

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Jari Hyväluoma

University of Jyväskylä

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Mari Räty

University of Helsinki

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Risto Uusitalo

Finnish Environment Institute

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Anssi Källi

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

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Hanne Wikberg

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

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Jari Koskiaho

Finnish Environment Institute

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Juha Grönroos

Finnish Environment Institute

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