Kinfe G. Bishu

Trends in Health Care Expenditure in U.S. Adults With Diabetes: 2002–2011

OBJECTIVE Direct medical cost of diabetes in the U.S. has been estimated to be 2.3 times higher relative to individuals without diabetes. This study examines trends in health care expenditures by expenditure category in U.S. adults with diabetes between 2002 and 2011. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 10 years of data representing a weighted population of 189,013,514 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We used a novel two-part model to estimate adjusted mean and incremental medical expenditures by diabetes status, while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and time. RESULTS Relative to individuals without diabetes (

Trends in Costs of Depression in Adults with Diabetes in the United States: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2004-2011.

5,058 [95% CI 4,949–5,166]), individuals with diabetes (

Impact of diagnosed depression on healthcare costs in adults with and without diabetes: United States, 2004–2011

12,180 [11,775–12,586]) had more than double the unadjusted mean direct expenditures over the 10-year period. After adjustment for confounders, individuals with diabetes had

Cattle farmers’ perceptions of risk and risk management strategies: evidence from Northern Ethiopia

2,558 (2,266–2,849) significantly higher direct incremental expenditures compared with those without diabetes. For individuals with diabetes, inpatient expenditures rose initially from

Trends of medical expenditures and quality of life in US adults with diabetes: the medical expenditure panel survey, 2002–2011

4,014 in 2002/2003 to

Trends in healthcare expenditure among people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States: evidence from 10 Years of nationally representative data

4,183 in 2004/2005 and then decreased continuously to

Association of office-based provider visits with emergency department utilization among publicly insured stroke survivors

3,443 in 2010/2011, while rising steadily for individuals without diabetes. The estimated unadjusted total direct expenditures for individuals with diabetes were

Trends in Healthcare Expenditures Among US Adults With Hypertension: National Estimates, 2003–2014

218.6 billion/year and adjusted total incremental expenditures were approximately

Nationwide Healthcare Expenditures among Hypertensive Individuals with Stroke: 2003-2014

46 billion/year. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that compared with individuals without diabetes, individuals with diabetes had significantly higher health expenditures from 2002 to 2011 and the bulk of the expenditures came from hospital inpatient and prescription expenditures.

Nationwide Healthcare utilization among children with epilepsy in the United States: 2003–2014

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in healthcare cost trends over 8 years in adults with diabetes and one of four categories of comorbid depression: no depression, unrecognized depression, asymptomatic depression, or symptomatic depression.Research Design and MethodsData from the 2004–2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used to create nationally representative estimates. The dependent variable was total healthcare expenditures for the calendar year, including office-based, hospital outpatient, emergency room, inpatient hospital, prescription, dental, and home health care expenditures. The 2004–2011 direct medical costs were adjusted to a common 2014 dollar value. The primary independent variable was four mutually exclusive depression categories created from ICD-9-CM codes and the PHQ-2 depression screening tool. Healthcare expenditures were estimated using a two-part model and were adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, education, health insurance, metropolitan statistical area status, region, income level, and comorbidities.ResultsBased on a national sample of adults with diabetes (unweighted sample of 15,548, weighted sample of 17,465,579), 10.2 % had unrecognized depression, 13.6 % had asymptomatic depression, and 8.9 % had symptomatic depression. In the pooled sample, after adjusting for covariates, the incremental cost of unrecognized depression was