Kiril Georgiev Naydenov

The Association between Phthalates in Dust and Allergic Diseases among Bulgarian Children

Background Recent studies have identified associations between the concentration of phthalates in indoor dust and allergic symptoms in the airways, nose, and skin. Objectives Our goal was to investigate the associations between allergic symptoms in children and the concentration of phthalate esters in settled dust collected from children’s homes in Sofia and Burgas, Bulgaria. Methods Dust samples from the child’s bedroom were collected. A total of 102 children (2–7 years of age) had symptoms of wheezing, rhinitis, and/or eczema in preceding 12 months (cases), and 82 were nonsymptomatic (controls). The dust samples were analyzed for their content of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP). Results A higher concentration of DEHP was found in homes of case children than in those of controls (1.24 vs. 0.86 mg/g dust). The concentration of DEHP was significantly associated with wheezing in the preceding 12 months (p = 0.035) as reported by parents. We found a dose–response relationship between DEHP concentration and case status and between DEHP concentration and wheezing in the preceding 12 months. Conclusions This study shows an association between concentration of DEHP in indoor dust and wheezing among preschool children in Bulgaria.

The association of pet keeping at home with symptoms in airways, nose and skin among Bulgarian children

The role of pet exposure in early childhood for allergy/ asthma later in life is still controversial. Recently it was shown that ‘avoidance behaviour’ is an important factor for the pet distribution in the population. The aim of the present work is to study the association between self‐reported pet keeping at home and symptoms in airways, nose and skin among children 2–7 years of age, in a country where primary prevention strategies regarding allergies are not common. A cross‐sectional survey on the association between allergy and asthma symptoms and home enviromental factors was conducted in two towns in Bulgaria in spring 2004 (the ALLHOME‐1 study). Data for 4479 out of 12982 children was obtained. 21.3% of the parents reported having pets at the time of the questionnaire, and 23.3% for pet keeping at index childs birth. Parents of 3.3% of the children got rid of some of the pets and 10.6% refrained from having pets, due in both cases to allergic illness in the family. Keeping dogs or cats at the time of the survey or during the childs first years was associated with most of the symptoms (aOR 1.1–2.2).