Kirill A. Lozovoy

Heterostructures with self-organized quantum dots of Ge on Si for optoelectronic devices

In this paper an analysis of tendencies of Ge on Si quantum dots nanoheterostructures’ usage in different optoelectronic devices such as, for example, solar cells and photodetectors of visible and infra-red regions is carried out; a complex mathematical model for calculation of dependency on growth conditions of self-organized quantum dots of Ge on Si grown using the method of molecular beam epitaxy parameters is described. Ways of segregation effect and underlying layers’ influence are considered. It is shown that for realization of good device characteristics quantum dots should have high density, small sizes, uniformity, and narrow size distribution function. The desirable parameters of arrays of square and rectangular quantum dots for device application are attainable under certain growth conditions.

Critical thickness of 2D to 3D transition in GexSi1−x/Si(001) system

In this paper, Stranski–Krastanov growth of GexSi1−x epitaxial layers on the Si(001) surface is considered. Experimental investigations show that the moment of transition from 2D to 3D growth and the critical thickness of 2D layer at which this transition occurs play a key role during the synthesis of such materials. Among the most important parameters determining the peculiarities of the growth process and characteristics of emerging island ensembles are growth temperature and surface conditions (for example, the presence of surfactants). But existing theoretical models are not able to predict the values of the critical thickness in the whole range of growth temperatures and compositions x of solution for these systems. For the calculations of the critical thickness of transition from 2D to 3D growth, in this paper, a theoretical model based on general nucleation theory is proposed. This model is specified by taking into account dependencies of elastic modulus, lattices mismatch, and surface energy of th...

Analysis of efficiency of solar energy conversion by tandem CdxZn1-xTe/Si solar cell

In this work efficiency of solar energy conversion by solar cell based on tandem structure CdZnTe/Si is analyzed. It is shown that CdTe-CdZnTe-ZnTe material system is promising for creation of high-performance cascade solar cells.

Elongated Quantum Dots of Ge on Si Growth Kinetics Modeling with Respect to the Additional Energy of Edges

In this paper refining of mathematical model for calculation of parameters of selforganised quantum dots (QDs) of Ge on Si grown by the method of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is done. Calculations of pyramidal and wedge-like clusters formation energy were conducted with respect to contributions of surface energy, additional edge energy, elastic strain relaxation, and decrease in the atoms attraction to substrate. With the help of well-known model based on the generalization of classical nucleation theory it was shown that elongated islands emerge later than pyramidal clusters. Calculations of QDs surface density and size distribution function for wedge-like clusters with different length to width ratio were performed. The absence of special geometry of islands for which surface density and average size of islands reach points of extremum that was predicted earlier by the model not taking into account energy of edges was revealed when considering the additional contribution of edge formation energy.

Photodetectors and solar cells with Ge/Si quantum dots parameters dependence on growth conditions

In this paper recommendations for growth conditions necessary for achieving maximum detectivity of infrared photodetectors with quantum dots and efficiency of quantum dot solar cells are given. It is also shown that for improvement of photodetectors characteristics quantum dots should be grown at rather high temperatures, and, on the contrary, at relatively low temperatures for maximisation of solar cells efficiency.

Influence of the Plasma of Nanosecond Diffuse Discharge in Air at Atmospheric Pressure on the Electrophysical Properties of Epitaxial CdHgTe Films

In this paper the influence of the volume discharge of nanosecond duration formed in a non-uniform electric field at atmospheric pressure on samples of CdHgTe (MCT) epitaxial films of p-type conductivity is investigated. Measurements of electro-physical parameters of MCT samples after irradiation have shown that a layer exhibiting n-type conductivity is formed in the near-surface area of epitaxial films. After more than 600 pulses of influence parameters and thickness of the resulting n-layer is such that the measured field dependence of Hall coefficient corresponds to the material of n-type conductivity. The obtained results show that application of volume nanosecond discharge in air at atmospheric pressure is promising for the modification of the surface properties of epitaxial films of MCT.

Changes in the electro-physical properties of MCT epitaxial films affected by a plasma volume discharge induced by an avalanche beam in atmospheric-pressure air

In this paper the influence of the plasma volume discharge of nanosecond duration formed in a non-uniform electric field at atmospheric pressure on samples of epitaxial films HgCdTe (MCT) films are discussed. The experimental data show that the action of pulses of nanosecond volume discharge in air at atmospheric pressure leads to changes in the electrophysical properties of MCT epitaxial films due to formation of a near-surface high- conductivity layer of the n-type conduction. The preliminary results show that it is possible to use such actions in the development of technologies for the controlled change of the properties of MCT.

Investigation of Ge/Si quantum dot structures using the methods of admittance spectroscopy

In this paper the properties of multilayer p–i–n–structures based on Si with Ge quantum dots fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated using the method of admittance spectroscopy at temperatures from 10 K to 300 K. The results of experimental research for two types of structures are presented. The activation energies of the emission process from localised states are calculated.

Influence of pulsed nanosecond volume discharge in atmospheric-pressure air on the electrical characteristics of MCT epitaxial films

The purpose of this paper was investigating the effect of volume nanosecond discharge in air at atmospheric pressure on the electro-physical properties of the HgCdTe (MCT) epitaxial films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Hall measurements of electro-physical parameters of MCT samples after irradiation have shown that there is a layer of epitaxial films exhibiting n-type conductivity that is formed in the near-surface area. After more than 600 pulses of influence parameters and thickness of the resulting n-layer is such that the measured field dependence of Hall coefficient corresponds to the material of n-type conductivity. Also it is shown that the impact of the discharge leads to significant changes in electro-physical characteristics of MIS structures. This fact is demonstrated by increase in density of positive fixed charge, change in the hysteresis type of the capacitance-voltage characteristic, an increase in density of surface states. The preliminary results show that it is possible to use such actions in the development of technologies of the controlled change in the properties of MCT.

Modeling the formation kinetics of wedge-shaped germanium quantum dots on silicon

A mathematical model for calculating the dependences of the parameters of self-organized germanium quantum dots (QDs) on silicon on the conditions of growth in molecular beam epitaxy is described. The energies of formation for pyramidal and wedge-shaped islands in the Ge/Si(001) system are calculated with allowance for the contributions from surface energy and elastic stress relaxation, and the drop in the energy of attraction between atoms and the substrate.