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Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica | 2002

Production of Drinking Water from Highly Contaminated Surface Waters: Removal of Organic, Inorganic, and Microbial Contaminants Applying Mobile Membrane Filtration Units

Thomas Heberer; Dirk Feldmann; Kirsten Reddersen; Hans‐Juergen Altmann; Thomas Zimmermann

In military out of area missions of the Bundeswehr, it can be necessary to produce drinking water even from highly polluted surface waters containing a variety of organic, inorganic, and microbiological contaminants. Thus, mobile drinking water purification systems must be able to remove such contaminants as far as possible to meet the requirements of the German and European drinking water regulation/directive. Presently, two novel drinking water purification units applying membrane filtration undergo intensive long-term trials carried out by the Bundeswehr. If these trials positively proof the functionality of these units and their ability to remove all possible contaminants they shall substitute so far available devices which use large amounts of chemicals and charcoal filtration for water purification.In the course of a research project, the functionality of the new devices and their efficacy to remove high amounts of algae, microbes, and organic and inorganic pollutants are additionally tested in “worst-case” field studies. In September 2000, the first mobile drinking water purification unit was tested at the Teltowkanal in Berlin, Germany.This canal was chosen because it carries high burdens of municipal sewage effluents. The results from the fatigue test confirmed the ability of the water purification unit to reduce the concentrations of all contaminants meeting the maximum tolerance levels set by the German/European drinking water regulation.The pre-filtration device was very effective in removing algae and solid particles to protect the membranes from clogging and to enable an almost maintenance-free operation. Residues of pharmaceuticals and some other organic contaminants have almost totally been removed from the surface water where they were detected at individual concentrations up to the μg/L-level. Gewinnung von Trinkwasser aus hochbelasteten Oberflachengewassern: Entfernung organischer, anorganischer und mikrobieller Kontaminanten mittels mobiler Membranfiltrationsanlagen Im Rahmen militarischer Auslandseinsatze der Bundeswehr kann es notwendig sein, Trinkwasser auch aus hochkontaminierten Oberflachengewassern zu gewinnen, die eine Vielzahl verschiedener organischer, anorganischer und mikrobiologischer Verunreinigungen enthalten. Mobile Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen mussen deshalb in der Lage sein, auch solche Kontaminanten soweit wie moglich zu entfernen, um die Anforderungen der deutschen bzw. europaischen Trinkwasserverordnung/-richtlinie zu erfullen. Derzeit werden mehrere neuartige, auf der Membranfiltrationstechnik basierende Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen im Rahmen extensiver Langzeittests bei der Bundeswehr untersucht. Sollten diese Tests im Hinblick auf die Funktionalitat der Anlage und ihrer Fahigkeit zur Entfernung aller relevanten Kontaminanten positiv verlaufen, so sollen diese die bislang verfugbaren Anlagen ersetzen, die grose Mengen an Chemikalien und Aktivkohle verbrauchen. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts wird die Funktionalitat und die Effektivitat zweier mobiler Trinkwasseranlagen zur Entfernung groser Mengen Algen, Mikroorganismen, organischer und anorganischer Verunreinigungen in sogenannten „Worst-case”-Szenarios getestet. Im September 2000 wurde die erste der beiden mobilen Trinkwasseraufbereitungsanlagen am Teltowkanal in Berlin getestet, der aufgrund seiner hohen Belastung durch kommunale Abwasser ausgewahlt wurde. Die Ergebnisse dieses Versuchs zeigten, dass die Anlage die Konzentrationen aller gepruften Parameter deutlich unterhalb der gesetzlich geforderten Trinkwassergrenzwerte reduzieren konnte. Die Vorfiltration mittels konventioneller Beutelfilter war in der Lage, Algen und Feststoffpartikel effektiv zu entfernen und die Membranen vor Verblockung zu schutzen und somit einen weitgehend wartungsfreien Betrieb zu ermoglichen. Ruckstande von Arzneimitteln und anderer organischer Kontaminanten, die z. T. in individuellen Konzentrationen bis in den μg/L-Bereich im Teltowkanal gefunden wurden, konnten mit der Anlage fast vollstandig (i. d. R. < NWG) entfernt werden.


Journal of Chromatography A | 2003

Formation of an artifact of diclofenac during acidic extraction of environmental water samples

Kirsten Reddersen; Th. Heberer

Solid-phase extraction at an acidic pH is used as a common sample preparation method for analyzing residues of the analgesic drug diclofenac (2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid) in environmental water samples. This paper describes the matrix-dependent formation of an artifact of diclofenac during sample preparation resulting in an up to 40% underestimation of diclofenac concentrations especially in matrix-prone samples such as sewage effluents or surface water. The artifact most likely being formed during acidification of the sample was unequivocally identified as 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)indolin-2-one by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To avoid an underestimation of the analytical results quantification of both diclofenac and its artifact is recommended.


Water Science and Technology | 2002

From municipal sewage to drinking water: fate and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment in urban areas

Th. Heberer; Kirsten Reddersen; A. Mechlinski


Water Science and Technology | 2002

Fate of pharmaceuticals during indirect potable reuse.

Jörg E. Drewes; Th. Heberer; Kirsten Reddersen


Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation | 2003

Fate of Pharmaceuticals During Ground Water Recharge

Jörg E. Drewes; Thomas Heberer; Tanja Rauch; Kirsten Reddersen


Chemosphere | 2002

Identification and significance of phenazone drugs and their metabolites in ground- and drinking water.

Kirsten Reddersen; Thomas Heberer; Uwe Dünnbier


Journal of Separation Science | 2003

Multi-compound methods for the detection of pharmaceutical residues in various waters applying solid phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric (GC-MS) detection

Kirsten Reddersen; Thomas Heberer


Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education | 2001

Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceuticals During Bank Filtration – Preliminary Results From Investigations in Germany and the United States

Thomas Heberer; Ingrid M. Verstraeten; Michael T. Meyer; Andy Mechlinski; Kirsten Reddersen


Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education | 2001

Removal of Pharmaceutical Residues and Other Persistent Organics From Municipal Sewage and Surface Waters Applying Membrane Filtration

Thomas Heberer; Dirk Feldmann; Kirsten Reddersen; Hans-Jürgen Altmann; Thomas Zimmermann


Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica | 2002

Production of Drinking Water from Highly Contaminated Surface Waters: Removal of Organic, Inorganic, and Microbial Contaminants Applying Mobile Membrane Filtration UnitsPaper presented in parts as a poster at the annual meeting of the Water Chemical Society — a Division of the German Chemical Society (Wasserchemische Gesellschaft — Fachgruppe in der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker), Bad Wildungen, May 2001.

Thomas Heberer; Dirk Feldmann; Kirsten Reddersen; Hans‐Juergen Altmann; Thomas Zimmermann

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Thomas Heberer

Technical University of Berlin

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Dirk Feldmann

Technical University of Berlin

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Th. Heberer

Technical University of Berlin

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Thomas Zimmermann

United Kingdom Ministry of Defence

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A. Mechlinski

Technical University of Berlin

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Andy Mechlinski

Technical University of Berlin

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Ingrid M. Verstraeten

United States Geological Survey

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Michael T. Meyer

United States Geological Survey

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Tanja Rauch

Colorado School of Mines

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Thomas Heberer

Technical University of Berlin

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