Kishwer Abdul Khaliq

Evaluation OF IEEE 802.11n for Multimedia Application in VANET

Abstract WAVE by IEEE, CALM by ISO and Car-to-Car are the popular VANET architectures. These architectures mainly focus on safety applications. IEEE 802.11p is the IEEE recommended MAC and PHY layer standard for VANET. Different VANET pro- tocol stacks recommend this standard not only for the safety applications but also other applications. In this paper, we focus on Multimedia-based ad-hoc networking and WLAN aspects for VANETs. The use of Multimedia applications is increasing day by day. Applications like Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, online gaming and file transfer etc. demand time bounded and high throughput services. To fulfill these demands in a vehicular environment, there is a need to evaluate the current IEEE VANET standard for MAC (IEEE 802.11p) to know its limitations for these applications and move towards exploration of a new standard. IEEE 802.11n claims high throughput up to 300Mbps and proved to be more suitable standard for multimedia applications. In this paper, we have evaluated IEEE 802.11p and IEEE 802.11n specifically for multimedia applications in VANET. Simulation results show, IEEE 802.11n comparatively performs better for multimedia applications in urban environment in low BER (bit error rate) as well as high BER as compared to IEEE 802.11p.

Information Delivery Improvement for Safety Applications in VANET by Minimizing Rayleigh and Rician Fading Effect

The fading environment plays a critical role for vehicular communication. High fading environments lead to high data losses, which seriously affect the communication of safety applications in vehicular ad-hoc networkings (VANETs). Rician and Rayleigh fading models are considered to be realistic fading models for vehicular communication. This paper contributes in two aspects specifically for safety applications (a) Evaluation of Rician and Rayleigh fading for vehicular environment (b) It proposes a suitable combination of data rate and transmission power (Tx) that will minimize fading effects caused by Rician and Rayleigh fading. NCTUns is used to simulate vehicles with a safety application protocol called wave short message protocol (WSMP). By using appropriate combination of these parameters, significant improvements have been observed in throughput.

Methodology for Development of Logistics Information and Safety System Using Vehicular Adhoc Networks

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) addresses issues regarding traffic management and road safety in the domain of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). With the evaluation of new applications, new goals regarding efficiency and security have been added for logistics and general user application, which demand time-bounded and reliable services. In this paper, we evaluate VANET with regard to its suitability in logistics scenarios. We simulated VANET by considering different application scenarios for logistics and transportation using varying parameters such as speed, number of nodes, traffic load and bit error rate etc. We observed that it performs well in most of the scenarios due to its highly suitability in vehicular environment.

VANET Security Analysis on the Basis of Attacks in Authentication

Elevation of technology in hardware, software and communication have lead to an idea of Intelligent Vehicles, which communicate via Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) to provide road safety and improved driving conditions. In VANETs, both multi-cast and uni-cast routing is applicable. These protocols can be used by an attacker to breach and endanger the network by accessing and manipulating information of the vehicle and communicating data. As authentication allows to trust both user and data, it requires considerable attention in the security framework of VANETs. Here, we provide a classification of attacks on the basis of security requirements to narrow down the parameters of consideration and comparison of previously proposed protocols in VANET. Pointing out security gaps regarding distinct threats, the classification will allow to designed new secure network control methods.

Suitability of IEEE 802.11ac/n/p for Bandwidth Hungry and Infotainment Applications for Cities

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) addresses issues regarding road safety and efficiency in the domain of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). In the last few years, research in ITS has been focused on delay sensitive and bandwidth hungry applications, which demand time bounded and high throughput services. In this paper, we analyzed 802.11ac, n and p with regard to their suitability in different VANET scenarios, specifically where applications require reliability and high data rate. We simulated these standards by considering different urban scenarios and varying different parameters such as speed, nodes, traffic loads, and bit error rate etc. We observed that 802.11n and 802.11ac performed comparatively well in most of the scenarios due to their enhanced MAC layer mechanisms. Frame aggregation with block acknowledgement significantly increases the bandwidth and reduces the delay. IEEE 802.11p, on other hand, allows transmission range of 1000 m, which is five times larger than for 802.11n or 802.11ac.

Vehicular MAC Protocol Data Unit (V-MPDU): IEEE 802.11p MAC Protocol Extension to Support Bandwidth Hungry Applications

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have been a hot research topic in academia and industry with respect to safety of drivers and entertainment applications. Many MAC layer protocols have defined in research. The IEEE 802.11p is one of the popular carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)-based MAC layer protocol for VANET and is successfully used for safety applications. However, IEEE 802.11p is less efficient for bandwidth hungry and delay-sensitive applications as there is significant fixed overhead of channel access, the inter-frame spaces, and acknowledgments of each frame transmitted. In this paper, an aggregation mechanism, named Vehicular MAC protocol data unit (V-MPDU) with block acknowledgment as an extension of the existing IEEE 802.11p is proposed. The proposed aggregation technique collects frames against each destined node and wraps each frame in a single IEEE 802.11p header. Moreover, it permits each of the aggregated data frames to acknowledge individually or re-transmit in case of any transmission error. Hence, it improves the channel access mechanism in terms of efficiency as multiple frames transmit in single transmission opportunity, which ultimately reduce number of potential collisions and re-transmissions as well. Further, effective bandwidth automatically improves.

Performance Analysis of Proposed Congestion Avoiding Protocol for IEEE 802.11s

The wireless technology is one of the core compo-nents of mobile applications with mobility support at low deploy-ment costs. Among these, Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is one of the technologies that supports mobile users for un-disrupted, reliable data connectivity, provides high bandwidth even in areas, where access of such services is difficult. Additionally, it features capabilities like self-configuring, self-healing, and self-organizing. IEEE proposed a MAC standard for WMN enhancements named IEEE 802.11s for multi-hop networks. Within this standard, the mandatory routing protocol called Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) is proposed for efficient utilization of resources to achieve high bandwidth at MAC layer. To improve this protocol, a congestion avoiding protocol was proposed, which utilizes alternate paths just before the congestion state is reached. The proposed technique does not add any overhead, it utilizes congestion notification frame, which is already part of standard. This paper discusses simulation results of the proposed routing protocol against the existing HWMP protocol for packet delivery fraction, throughput and delay. The results indicate that the proposed technique significantly improves performance of IEEE 802.11s.

Synergies of Advanced Technologies and Role of VANET in Logistics and Transportation

In Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is one of key wireless technologies, which helps in managing road safety, traffic efficiency, fleet, logistics and transportation. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the implication of different technologies and placement of VANET in transportation and specifically in logistics. We provide researchers with an overview of consid-ered technologies in logistics scenarios and the current projects regarding VANET for safety and non-safety applications. We additionally discuss current and potential domains in logistics in which new applications can improve efficiency by use of new and existing technologies.

Congestion Avoidance Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (CA-HWMP) for IEEE 802.11s

Abstract To support the mobility and low cost deployment, the wireless technology is being used for number of applications. Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) is one of the evolving technology to provide un-disrupted data connectivity to mobile users. It provides high bandwidth through efficient resource sharing, specially for areas deprived of wired connectivity. These networks also offer self-configuring, self-healing and self organizing capabilities. IEEE 802.11s is a MAC standard being proposed as an enhancement for WMN. This standard includes the use of a mandatory routing protocol at MAC layer, known as Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP). However, HWMP offers weak response to congestion, especially for interactive applications. IEEE 802.11s has also proposed sharing of Congestion Control Notification Frame(CCNF) on reaching congestion threshold. In this research paper, we have proposed a congestion avoidance technique named Congestion Avoidance Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (CA-HWMP). The proposed technique offers localized re-routing based upon congestion threshold, with minimal overheads. The re-routing decision is taken by the each node using CCNF received from the next hop neighbor. The proposed algorithm do not add any overhead as the CCNF is already the design part of 802.11s. This paper also shows comparison of proposed technique against HWMP under NS3 for the validation of proposed idea. From the comparison we concluded that use of CA-HWMP as replacement of HWMP significantly improves the performance of IEEE 802.11s.

Novel Routing Framework for VANET Considering Challenges for Safety Application in City Logistics

The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) addresses issues regarding traffic management and road safety in the domain of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs). With the evaluation of new applications, new goals regarding efficiency and security are added for logistics and general user application, which demand time bounded and reliable services. In this paper, we discuss VANET with regards to its suitability in logistics scenarios, challenges to cope with high mobile vehicles and their short contact duration to meet the goal of efficiency. Although VANET helps to provide efficient solutions for logistics and transportation, there are still number of issues to be solved to obtain an appropriate solution. In the context of increasing number of vehicles, high bandwidth requirements for applications, and highly dynamic topology, route optimization and efficient security mechanisms requires special attention. To this regards, a number of routing protocols have been proposed, yet each routing protocol focuses on traditional topological based routing protocols. The selection of the routing methods depends upon the nature of the networks. Number of researchers argued that the most of the routing protocols focus on the particular scenario and consider particular factors for evaluation such as type of network, mobility pattern, and Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for applications. Thus, the performance of the routing protocols depends upon the particular scenario. In this paper, we focus on designing a routing protocol framework, which can provide a reliable and efficient solution for the path selection by considering different factors from application scenarios like logistics and transportation using varying parameters such as speed, number of wireless nodes, traffic loads and bit error rate. Furthermore, we consider channel parameters for the routing protocols to render the communication to be reliable. For proof of concept, we provide and discuss basic simulation results of our proposed framework.