Kiwoon Baek

Hymenobacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater.

A Gram-stain-negative and non-motile bacterial strain that formed straight rods and reddish colonies, designated KJ035T, was isolated from seawater from the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KJ035T belonged to the genus Hymenobacter. The most closely related species were Hymenobacter metalli A2-91T (96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Hymenobacter flocculans A2-50AT (96.7 %) and Hymenobacter ginsengisoli DCY57T (96.0 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C16:1ω5c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c). The major isoprenoid quinone and polyamine were menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and homospermidine, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and five unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 61.0 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the discrimination of the new isolate from its phylogenetic relatives. Strain KJ035T is thus considered to be a representative of a novel species of the genus Hymenobacter, for which the name Hymenobacter marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KJ035T (=KCTC 42854T=CECT 9069T).

Rhodococcus aerolatus sp. nov., isolated from subarctic rainwater

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile strain, designated PAMC 27367(T), was isolated from rainwater collected on the Bering Sea. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus Rhodococcus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27367(T) formed a robust clade with the type strains of Rhodococcus rhodnii, Rhodococcus aetherivorans and Rhodococcus ruber with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.3 %, 95.8 % and 95.5 %, respectively. Cells of the strain grew optimally at 25 °C and at pH 6.5-7.0 in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) sea salts. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and three unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and 10-methyl C17 : 0. Cell wall analysis showed that strain PAMC 27367(T) contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 77.1 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented here, we propose a novel species with the name Rhodococcus aerolatus sp. nov., with PAMC 27367(T) ( = KCTC 29240(T) = JCM 19485(T)) as the type strain.

Psychroserpens jangbogonensis sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from Antarctic marine sediment.

A Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium, PAMC 27130(T), was isolated from the marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The temperature, pH and NaCl tolerance ranges for growth were 4-20 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and 0.5-5.0 % (w/v) NaCl, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain PAMC 27130(T) belonged to the genus Psychroserpens and was closely related to Psychroserpens mesophilus, Psychroserpens damuponensis and Psychroserpens burtonensis with 97.2, 94.7 and 94.2 % sequence similarities, respectively. Genomic relatedness analyses based on average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 27130(T) could be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus Psychroserpens . The genomic DNA G+C content was 32.7 mol%. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C20 : 4ω6c (13.2 %), iso-C15 : 0 (12.3 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (11.7 %) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (10.0 %). The major respiratory isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminophospholipid and three unidentified lipids. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data collected in this study, it is proposed that strain PAMC 27130(T) represents a novel species of the genus Psychroserpens, for which the name Psychroserpens jangbogonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27130(T) ( = KCTC 42128(T) = JCM 30228(T)).

Algibacter psychrophilus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from marine sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, flexirubin-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and psychrophilic bacterial strain, PAMC 27237T, was isolated from marine sediment of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Strain PAMC 27237T grew at 0-20 °C (optimally at 17 °C), at pH 5.0-9.5 (optimally at pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 1.5-2.5 %). The major fatty acids (≥5 %) were iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 2-OH, anteiso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, anteiso-C17 : 1ω9c, anteiso-C15 : 1 A, iso-C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 1 G. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified lipids and a glycolipid. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain PAMC 27237T belongs to the genus Algibacter, showing high similarities with the type strains of Algibacter agarivorans (97.2 %), Algibacter agarilyticus (97.0 %) and Algibacter mikhailovii (96.4 %). Average nucleotide identity values between strain PAMC 27237T and the type strains of A. agarivorans and A. agarilyticuswere 83.1 and 84.2 %, respectively, and mean genome-to-genome distances were 22.4-24.2 %, indicating that strain PAMC 27237T is clearly distinguished from the most closely related species of the genus Algibacter. The genomic DNA G+C content calculated from genome sequences was 33.5 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain PAMC 27237T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algibacter, for which the name Algibacter psychrophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27237T ( = KCTC 42130T = JCM 30370T).

Kordia antarctica sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic seawater.

A Gram-staining-negative, chemoheterotrophic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, flexirubin-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain IMCC3317(T), was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from the Antarctic Penninsula. Optimal growth of strain IMCC3317(T) was observed at 20 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2-3 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMCC3317(T) belonged to the genus Kordia and was closely related to Kordia algicida OT-1(T) (96.7 % sequence similarity) and Kordia periserrulae IMCC1412(T) (96.1 % sequence similarity). The major fatty acids were 10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C16 : 1ω9c, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.1 mol%. The strain contained menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the respiratory quinone. The polar lipids detected in the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminophospholipids, aminolipids and polar lipids. On the basis of phylogenetic distinction and differential phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain IMCC3317(T) ( = KCTC 32292(T) = NBRC 109401(T)) be assigned to the genus Kordia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Kordia antarctica sp. nov. is proposed.

Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov., isolated from active layer soil of tussock tundra in Alaska, and emended description of the genus Domibacillus.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated strain PAMC 80007T was isolated from an active layer soil sample of Council, Alaska. Optimal growth of strain PAMC 80007T was observed at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PAMC 80007T belonged to the genus Domibacillus. This strain was closely related to Domibacillus enclensis (98.3 %), Domibacillus robiginosus (98.3 %) and Domibacillus indicus (97.2 %). Genomic DNA G+C content was 43.5 mol% and genomic relatedness analyses based on the average nucleotide identity and the genome-to-genome distance showed that strain PAMC 80007T is clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Domibacillus. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C15 : 0 (24.7 %), C16 : 1ω11c (16.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (16.5 %), C16 : 0 (15.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.7 %). The major respiratory isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and the polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphoglycolipid, phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. meso-Diaminopimelic acid (type A1γ) was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the major whole-cell sugar was ribose with a minor quantity of glucose. Results from a polyphasic study suggested that strain PAMC 80007T represents a novel species of the genus Domibacillus for which the name Domibacillus tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 80007T ( = JCM 30371T = KCTC 33549T = DSM 29572T). An emended description of the genus Domibacillus is also provided.

Eionea flava sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater, and emended description of the genus Eionea

A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated IMCC1962(T) was isolated from a surface seawater sample from the Yellow Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain IMCC1962(T )belonged to the genus Eionea, forming a robust clade with members of the genus, and was most closely related to Eionea nigra (97.3% similarity). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1962(T) and Eionea nigra DSM 19752(T) was 21.8-26.3%, which indicated strain IMCC1962(T) represents a novel genomic species of the genus Eionea. The G+C content of the DNA of strain IMCC1962(T) was 48.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-8 and major fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (43.4%), C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c (19.3%) and C16 : 0 (17.2%). The polar lipids found in strain IMCC1962(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, unknown phospholipid, and four unknown polar lipids. Strain IMCC1962(T) and Eionea nigra DSM 19752(T) differed from each other in diverse phenotypic characteristics including motility, colony colour and enzyme activities. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain IMCC1962(T) ( = KACC 17481(T)= NBRC 109703(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Eionea, for which the name Eionea flava sp. nov. is proposed. An emended description of the genus Eionea is also provided.

Aureimonas glaciistagni sp. nov., isolated from a melt pond on Arctic sea ice.

A Gram-staining-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, PAMC 27157T, was isolated from a melt pond on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PAMC 27157T revealed an affiliation to the genus Aureimonas with the closest sequence similarity (96.2 %) to that of Aureimonas phyllosphaerae. Strain PAMC 27157T grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol and an unidentified aminolipid. The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, 83.1 %) and the major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data showed that strain PAMC 27157T could be clearly distinguished from species of the genus Aureimonas with validly published names. Thus, strain PAMC 27157T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Aureimonas, for which the name Aureimonas glaciistagni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PAMC 27157T ( = KCCM 43049T = JCM 30183T).

Mesonia aquimarina sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from coastal seawater

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, yellow, non-flagellated, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain IMCC1021(T), was isolated off the coast of the East Sea. Optimal growth of strain IMCC1021(T) was observed at 25 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 3.0-3.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Mesonia, showing a close relationship with Mesonia mobilis KMM 6059(T) (97.4 % similarity) followed by Mesonia phycicola MDSW-25(T) (96.1 %). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain IMCC1021(T) and M. mobilis KMM 6059(T) was 17.5 % (reciprocal 7.4 %), which indicated that the new isolate represents a novel genomic species of the genus Mesonia. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.4 mol%. Strain IMCC1021(T) contained menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the respiratory quinone, and polar lipids comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and three unknown polar lipids. On the basis of the phylogenetic distinctions and differential phenotypic characteristics, it is suggested that strain IMCC1021(T) ( = KCTC 32320(T) = NBRC 109485(T)) should be assigned to the genus Mesonia as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mesonia aquimarina sp. nov. is proposed.

Granulosicoccus marinus sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic seawater, and emended description of the genus Granulosicoccus.

A Gram-staining-negative, motile by flagella, non-pigmented, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-producing, strictly aerobic and sphere-shaped bacterium, IMCC3490(T), was isolated from a coastal seawater sample from the Antarctic Peninsula. Optimal growth of strain IMCC3490(T) was observed at 20 °C, pH 8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain IMCC3490(T) belonged to the genus Granulosicoccus in the family Granulosicoccaceae. The strain was closely related to Granulosicoccus antarcticus IMCC3135(T) (98.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Granulosicoccus coccoides Z 271(T) (98.5 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between IMCC3490(T) and type strains of the two species of the genus were far lower than 70 %, which indicated strain IMCC3490(T) is a novel genomic species of the genus Granulosicoccus. The major fatty acids of strain IMCC3490(T) were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The isoprenoid quinone detected was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 61.0 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data, it is suggested that strain IMCC3490(T) represents a novel species of the genus Granulosicoccus, for which the name Granulosicoccus marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMCC3490(T) ( = KACC 17483(T) = NBRC 109704(T)). An emended description of the genus Granulosicoccus is also provided.