Kiyoshi Fukutake

Analytical and centrifuge studies of pile groups in liquefiable soil before and after site remediation

The objectives of this paper are to show practically: (1) the validation of a proposed three-dimensional effective stress analysis for the pile foundations, and (2) the effectiveness of remedial deposits on pile stresses under liquefaction by making comparisons between the results of centrifuge tests and those of the proposed analysis. Two foundation models supported by end-bending piles were studied with improved and unimproved deposits. There exists a good consistency between the numerical and experimental results for excess pore water-pressure ratios ranging from 0 to about 0·9. From the numerical results, the bending moment at the pile top with the improved deposit is about 50 per cent lower than that with the unimproved deposit. However, it was found that the smaller the bending moment develops in the pile with the improved deposit, the larger the compressive and/or tensional axial stresses in the pile. This is due to the predominant excitation of rocking vibration of the foundation. From the analytical and experimental results, it has been found that the remedial method can be a variable means to protect piles from soil liquefaction hazards. However, both axial stress and bending moment produced in piles should be considered in assessing the liquefied seismic capacity of group pile-foundation–structural systems with improved soil deposits.