Klaus Greier

Effects of migration background on weight status and motor performance of preschool children.

SummaryBackgroundThe motor performance of children and adolescents declines. We questioned whether there are differences of motor performance and weight status between preschool children with and without migration background.MethodsA total of 1,063 4- to 5-year-old children were recruited from 41 kindergartens in Tyrol, Austria. The language spoken at home served as the indicator for a migration background. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated using a German BMI reference system. To assess motor performance, the Karlsruhe Motor Screening (KMS) was used.ResultsOut of 1,063 preschool children, 265 were with migration background. KMS total scores were lower with migrant children (97.5 ± 5.9 points) than with children without migration background (100.8 ± 6.6 points; p < 0.001). Compared with 10.4 % of children without migration background, 21.1 % of the migrant children were overweight or obese (p < 0.001).ConclusionsMotor performance and weight status of preschool children differ significantly depending on the migration status. It seems advisable to offer additional measures to promote physical activity in preschool. Especially children with a migration background should be in the focus.ZusammenfassungGrundlagenDie motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist häufig unbefriedigend. Wir untersuchten, ob es bereits im Kindergartenalter Unterschiede hinsichtlich der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit vom Migrationsstatus der Kinder gibt.MethodikAus 41 Tiroler Kindergärten wurden insgesamt 1063 vier- bis fünfjährige Kinder rekrutiert. Als Indikator für einen Migrationshintergrund wurde die zu Hause gesprochene Sprache (nichtdeutsche Muttersprache) herangezogen. Der Body Mass Index (BMI) wurde unter Verwendung eines deutschen BMI Bezugssystems berechnet. Zur Erfassung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit wurde das Karlsruher Motorik-Screening (KMS) durchgeführt.ErgebnisseVon 1063 Vorschulkindern hatten 265 einen Migrationshintergrund. Die KMS Gesamtscores waren bei Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund (97,5 ± 5,9 Punkte) niedriger als bei Kindern ohne Migrationshintergrund (100,8 ± 6,6 Punkte, p < 0,001). 21,1 % der Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund waren übergewichtig oder adipös, im Vergleich zu 10,4 % der Kinder ohne Migrationshintergrund (p < 0,001).SchlussfolgerungenDiese Untersuchung zeigte, dass sich die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindergartenkindern in Abhängigkeit vom Migrationsstatus signifikant unterscheiden. Es erscheint daher ratsam, vermehrt Bewegungsfördermaßnahmen in Kindergärten anzubieten. Im Brennpunkt stehen dabei insbesondere Kinder mit Migrationshintergrund.

Factors associated with motor performance among overweight and nonoverweight Tyrolean primary school children

SummaryBackgroundThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is often associated with motor deficits. Motor performance among children partly depends on modifiable factors, for example, weight status, electronic media use, sports club participation, and on nonmodifiable factors, for example, sex, age, migration background, or socio-economic status.AimTo evaluate factors associated with motor performance among overweight and nonoverweight Tyrolean primary school children.MethodsHeight, weight, and sport motor performance of primary school children were measured using the German motor performance test DMT 6–18. In addition, children were asked about migration background, sports club participation, and electronic media use in their room.ResultsA total of 304 children (48.7 % girls) with a mean age of 8.0 ± 1.2 years were tested. In total, 61 (20.1 %) children were overweight or obese. Regarding motor performance, nonoverweight children showed significantly higher total z-scores (106.8 ± 5.7 vs. 102.4 ± 6.8).For the total cohort, results of the multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.20) revealed that factors male sex (β = 0.12), nonoverweight children (β = 0.28), higher school grade (β = 0.23), sports club participation (β = 0.18),and > 2 weekly lessons of physical education (β = 0.26) were associated with an increased motor performance.For nonoverweight children results of the multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.09) found that a higher school grade (β = 0.17), sports club participation (β = 0.16),and more than 2 weekly lessons of physical education (β = 0.22) were associated with an increased motor performance. For the overweight children, results of the multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0 .43) showed that no migration background (β = 0.23), a higher school grade (β = 0.55), sports club participation (β = 0.33) and more than 2 weekly lessons of physical education (β = 0.48) were associated with an increased motor performance.ConclusionRegarding modifiable factors, motor performance among overweight and nonoverweight children is strongly associated with a higher number of weekly lessons in physical education. Therefore, daily lessons in physical education are strongly recommended to improve motor performance especially among overweight primary school children.

Sportverletzungen im Vollkontakt- und Semikontaktkarate

BACKGROUND Karate enjoys great popularity both in professional and recreational sports and can be classified into full, half and low contact styles. The aim of this study was the analysis of sports injuries in Kyokushinkai (full contact) and traditional Karate (semi-contact). METHODS In a retrospective study design, 215 active amateur karateka (114 full contact, 101 semi-contact) were interviewed by means of a standardised questionnaire regarding typical sport injuries during the last 36 months. Injuries were categorised into severity grade I (not requiring medical treatment), grade II (single medical treatment), grade III (several outpatient medical treatments) and grade IV (requiring hospitalisation). RESULTS In total, 217 injuries were reported in detail. 125 injuries (58%) occurred in full contact and 92 (42%) in semi-contact karate. The time related injury rate of full contact karateka was 1.9/1000 h compared to 1.3/1000 h of semi-contact karateka (p < 0.05). The most common types of injuries were musculoskeletal contusions (33% full contact, 20% semi-contact), followed by articular sprains with 19% and 16%. The lower extremity was affected twice as often in full contact (40%) as in semi-contact (20%) karate. Training injuries were reported by 80% of the full contact and 77% of the semi-contact karateka. Most injuries, both in training and competition, occurred in kumite. 75% of the reported injuries of full contact and 70% of semi-contact karateka were classified as low grade (I or II). CONCLUSION The high rate of injuries during training and kumite (sparring) points to specific prevention goals. The emphasis should be put on proprioceptive training and consistent warm-up. In the actual competition the referees play a vital role regarding prevention.

Unfallursachen und Risikofaktoren bei erwachsenen Rodlern: eine retrospektive Studie

Background Recreational sledging (tobogganing) is a very popular winter sport in Alpine regions. Ascending and sledging down on the same track, however, might be associated with a certain risk of injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gather data on the causes of accidents and potential risk factors during recreational sledging. Methods Adults indulging in recreational sledging were interviewed between March 2013 and March 2015 at six public sledging tracks in the environs of the city of Innsbruck (Tyrol, Austria) on demographics, skill level, sledging frequency, risk-taking behavior, use of protective gear, type of sledge used, previous sledging-related injuries, injured body parts and causes of accidents. Interviews were conducted on all days of the week, mainly in the afternoon and in the evening. Results A total of 3612 adults riding a sled (51.1 % males, 48.9 % females; mean age: 37.0 ± 14.4 years) participated in the present study. In total, 328 (9 %) participants reported a sledging-related injury. Injuries to lower extremities, arms, shoulder/back and head represented 41 %, 22 %, 11 %, and 10 %, respectively, of all sledging-related injuries. The most common causes of accidents were self-caused falls (35 %), collision with an object (23 %), and collision with another person (22 %). Sledging-related injuries in this study were associated with male sex, a higher sledging frequency, higher skill level, and risky behavior. In addition, those riding sledges who had suffered a previous injury were using more often a fast toboggan, wearing more often back protectors and wrist guards, had falls more often during sledging, and more often drank alcohol. Conclusion Based on these findings, we recommend that individuals should adapt their behavior according to track, view and weather conditions, take into consideration the crowd on the track, and abstain from alcohol.