Klaus Kalb

A world-wide key to the thelotremoid Graphidaceae , excluding the Ocellularia - Myriotrema - Stegobolus clade

In the course of an ongoing systematic and taxonomic revision of the lichen family Graphidaceae (including Thelotremataceae ), we present world-wide keys to the currently accepted thelotremoid genera and species, excluding the columellate taxa and their relatives of the Ocellularia - Myriotrema - Stegobolus clade ( Melanotrema , Myriotrema , Ocellularia , Ocellularia clandestina group, Redingeria , Stegobolus ), which will be treated in a forthcoming paper. The keys include all genera and species with chroodiscoid, lepadinoid, and topeliopsidoid apothecia and other taxa featuring periphysoids or fibrils, and their relatives. Taxa keyed out to genus and species level are Acanthotrema , Chapsa , Chroodiscus , Diploschistes , Fibrillithecis , Gyrotrema , Leptotrema , Leucodecton , Melanotopelia , the ‘ Ocellularia ’ cruentata group, Pseudoramonia , Reimnitzia , Schizotrema , Thelotrema , Topeliopsis and Wirthiotrema . Over 260 species are treated, including a few yet unnamed taxa. The following taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties are introduced: Acanthotrema frischii Lucking sp. nov., Chapsa aggregata (Hale) Sipman & Lucking comb. nov., C. albida (Nyl.) Lucking & Sipman comb. nov.; C. albomaculata (Sipman) Sipman & Lucking comb. nov., C. boninensis (Tat. Matsumoto) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., C. elabens (Mull. Arg.) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., C. imperfecta (Hale) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. laceratula (Mull. Arg.) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. magnifica (Berk. & Broome) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. meghalayensis (Patw. & Nagarkar) Lumbsch & Divakar comb. nov., C. meridensis (Kalb & Frisch) Lucking, Lumbsch & Rivas Plata comb. nov., C. mirabilis (Zahlbr.) Lucking comb. nov., C. neei (Hale) Mangold & Lucking comb. nov., C. paralbida (Riddle) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. pseudoexanthismocarpa (Patw. & C. R. Kulk.) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. pulvereodisca (Hale) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., C. scabiomarginata (Hale) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., C. waasii (Hale) Sipman & Lucking comb. nov., Fibrillithecis argentea (Mull. Arg.) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., F. carneodisca (Hale) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., F. confusa Lucking, Kalb & Rivas Plata spec. nov., F. diminita (Hale) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., F. eximia (R. C. Harris) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., F. fissurata (Nagarkar & Hale) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., F. gibbosa (H. Magn.) Rivas Plata & Lucking comb. nov., Leucodecton desquamescens (Vain.) Lucking comb. nov., L. oxysporum (Redinger) Lucking comb. nov., Schizotrema cryptotrema (Nyl.) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., Thelotrema patwardhanii (Hale) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., Topeliopsis guaiquinimae (Sipman) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov., and T. tuberculifera (Vain.) Rivas Plata & Mangold comb. nov. Using the examples of Fibrillithecis halei s. lat., Leucodecton compunctellum s. lat., and Thelotrema monosporum s. lat., we show how difficult species complexes can be flexibly treated in a key, allowing for either a broad concept or the distinction of several individual taxa.

Molecular data show that Topeliopsis (Ascomycota, Thelotremataceae) is polyphyletic

A phylogenetic study using DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit from 38 species is used to infer the phylogeny of species currently placed in Topeliopsis. The genus is shown to be polyphyletic; monophyly of previous and current circumscriptions of the genus are rejected using two alternative hypothesis tests. Topeliopsis meridiensis is shown to be closer to Chapsa than Topeliopsis, but additional studies are necessary to understand the circumscription of Chapsa. The new genus Melanotopelia Lumbsch & Mangold is described to accommodate T. toensbergii and T. rugosa. These species were previously regarded as aberrant in Topeliopsis because of their thin-walled ascospores and dark pigmented proper exciple. The new combination Graphis mexicana (Hale) Kalb, Lucking & Lumbsch is proposed and Graphis muscicola and Topeliopsis globosa reduced to synonymy with this species.

Gyalectoid Pertusaria species form a sister-clade to Coccotrema (Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota) and comprise the new lichen genus Gyalectaria

The phylogeny and taxonomic placement of three species currently placed in the genus Pertusaria with gyalectoid ascomata were studied using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of four molecular loci (mitochondrial SSU, nuclear LSU rDNA and the protein-coding, nuclear RPB1 and MCM7 genes). A total of 40 new sequences were generated for this study and aligned with 84 sequences retrieved from Genbank. Our results show that the gyalectoid Pertusaria species are only distantly related to Pertusaria s.str. They form a strongly supported sister-group relationship to Coccotrema. Consequently, the new genus Gyalectaria Schmitt, Kalb & Lumbsch is described in Coccotremataceae to accommodate these species and the new combinations G. diluta (C. Björk, G. Thor & T. Wheeler) Schmitt, T. Sprib. & Lumbsch, G. gyalectoides (Vezda) Schmitt, Kalb & Lumbsch, and G. jamesii (Kantvilas) Schmitt, Kalb & Lumbsch are proposed. The order Pertusariales is reduced to synonymy with Agyriales.

Discovering the lichen diversity of a remote tropical island: working list of species collected on Reunion (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean)

Abstract: van den Boom, P. P. G., Brand, M., Ertz, D., Kalb, K., Magain, N., Masson, D., Schiefelbein, U., Sipman, H. J. M. & Sérusiaux, E. 2011. Discovering the lichen diversity of a remote tropical island: working list of species collected on Reunion (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean). — Herzogia 24: 325–349. 463 lichen taxa are reported from the island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) in the Indian Ocean. This report is based on extensive collections recently made by the authors or hosted in B and LG. A total of c. 600 species is estimated for the number of lichenized fungi present on the island; although this is a low figure for a varied tropical area, this is plausible due to its small size and remoteness. The significance of the lichen diversity of the island lays in its endemics, which need further study for a reliable assessment, and in the occurrence of a poorly known southern hemisphere element (“austral” species). The discovery of the following in Reunion is of special interest as it considerably enlarges their distribution range: Anzia corallophora, Caloplaca caesiosorediata, Coccocarpia delicatula, Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Gomphillus morchelloides, G. pedersenii, Gyalideopsis bispora, Heterodermia koyana, Hypotrachyna evansii, Lithogyalideopsis zeylandica, Lobaria asperula, Megaloblastenia marginiflexa var. dimota, Menegazzia capitata, Myeloconis erumpens and Pannaria squamulosa.

(1792) Proposal to conserve the name Phaeographis, with a conserved type, against Creographa, Ectographis, Flegographa, Hymenodecton, Platygramma, and Pyrographa (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae), along with notes on the names Graphina and Phaeographina

The committee has also considered whether C. interme dia is superfluous and illegitimate. One member, G. Perry, has discussed the matter with RLB, and they are agreed that there may have been more than one syntype in different herbaria. In publishing C. intermedia, Sonder did not refer to S. hexamera, and it is not conclusive that he included all the possible type material. In a subsidiary vote, the committee recommends by 13-4,1 abst, that C. intermedia should not be treated as illegitimate, but this is not a binding decision. To maintain C. intermedia in use, a formal proposal to con serve that name over S. hexamera will be required.

The Cryptothecia candida complex revisited

Revision of world-wide material of Cryptothecia candida sensu Santesson (1952) revealed that three different species are involved, differing in the shape of their ascomata, chemistry, and distribution. C. candida (Kremp.) R. Sant. s. str. [syn.: Arthonia lacerata Vain.; C. epiphylla R. Sant.] contains 2′- O -methylperlatolic acid and 2′- O -methylanziaic acid (thallus and ascomata C+ red) and has rounded to slightly irregular ascomata; it is a paleotropical species occurring in Africa and SE Asia (absent in Australia). All neotropical populations previously identified as C. candida contain perlatolic acid (thallus and ascomata C−) and are further characterized by their well-delimited, regularly rounded ascomata. The name Cryptothecia filicina (Ellis & Everh.) Lucking & G. Thor comb. nov. [bas.: Ascomycetella filicina Ellis & Everh.; syn.: Myxotheca hypocreoides Ferd. & Winge] is taken up for this taxon. A third species was discovered in material from Australia and China (Hong Kong) and is here described as Cryptothecia irregularis Lucking, Aptroot, Kalb & Elix sp. nov. Its ascomata are radiately elongate and it contains psoromic, subpsoromic, 2′- O -demethylpsoromic, and confluentic acids.

Taxonomical studies on the lichen genus Platygramme ( Graphidaceae ) in China

In the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platygramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided.

Validation of three species names and description of a new species in the genus Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales : Graphidaceae )

Three names in the genus Graphis are validated: Graphis norvestitoides Sutjaritturakan, G. rongklaensis Sutjaritturakan, and Graphis arbusculaeformis (Vain.) Lucking. In addition, the new species G. pseudoaquilonia Lucking is described, differing from G. norvestitoides in the clear versus inspersed hymenium.

A new species and a new record of Pyxine (Physciaceae) with norstictic acid from Sao Paulo State, Brazil

In the course of a study of Pyxine species in São Paulo State, Brazil, Pyxine jolyana was recognized as a new species. It has norstictic acid in the medulla, a rare feature in South American species. Also, another species with norstictic acid, P. fallax, is recorded for the first time from the Neotropics. A world key to the Pyxine species that produce norstictic acid is presented.

Rinodina fuscoisidiata, a new muscicolous, isidiate species from Venezuela

Rinodina fuscoisidiata , a muscicolous isidiate species with large isidia and Pachysporaria -type ascospores is described from Venezuela. This species contains an unknown terpene as a major secondary metabolite in addition to traces of atranorin. It is compared with the four known isidiate Rinodina taxa.