Network


Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.

Hotspot


Dive into the research topics where Klaus-Rüdiger Trott is active.

Publication


Featured researches published by Klaus-Rüdiger Trott.


Radiotherapy and Oncology | 1985

What is known about tumour proliferation rates to choose between accelerated fractionation or hyperfractionation

Klaus-Rüdiger Trott; Johnn Kummermehr

Repopulation of surviving clonogenic tumour cells during fractionated radiotherapy is one of the crucial factors determining cure probability in radiotherapy. Clinical and experimental data suggest that repopulation rates vary considerably between different tumours but may be similar to the cell production rates in the untreated tumour. For those tumours which repopulate fast, such as squamous cell carcinomas, bladder cancer and colorectal carcinomas, accelerated fractionation may be indicated.


Radiotherapy and Oncology | 1999

Radiobiological mechanisms of anti-inflammatory radiotherapy

Klaus-Rüdiger Trott; Friedrich Kamprad

Radiotherapy with total doses of < or =6 Gy has been given as very effective and low risk treatment of painful degenerative joint diseases and other inflammatory processes. Recent radiobiological experiments in vitro and in vivo identified mechanisms which may be related to these anti-inflammatory radiation effects, in particular functional modulation of the adhesion of white blood cells to activated endothelial cells and modulation of the induction of nitric oxide synthase in activated macrophages.


Radiotherapy and Oncology | 2000

Volume effects in radiobiology as applied to radiotherapy

J.W. Hopewell; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

PURPOSEnTo explore the radiobiological evidence for a dependence of normal tissue complication probability on irradiated normal tissue volume.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnData from experimental studies on the volume effect in different organs, using different criteria of structural or functional organ damage and in different animals, were evaluated to investigate the volume effects for structural radiation damage as opposed to functional radiation damage, and the importance of organ anatomy and dose distribution within the organ on the development of chronic radiation damage in the respective organ.nnnRESULTSnThere is little or no volume effect for structural radiation damage, however, some very pronounced volume effects have been reported for functional damage. Volume, as such, is not the relevant criterion, since critical, radiosensitive structures are not homogeneously distributed within organs.nnnCONCLUSIONnVolume effects in patients and experimental animals are more related to organ anatomy and organ physiology than to cellular radiobiology.


International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics | 1976

The effect of prolonged hypoxia on growth and viability of Chinese hamster cells

Reinhild Born; Otto Hug; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

Abstract The colony forming ability and cell proliferation kinetics of Chinese hamster cells growing under continuous prolonged hypoxia have been studied. The colony forming ability decreases rapidly according to a time-power-function. Cell multiplication ceases gradually while profound changes in the progression through the various stages of the cell cycle take place. The prominent effect is a four- to five-fold increase in the duration of the S phase and a nine-fold increase in the duration of the G 1 phase.


Stem Cells | 1997

12 – Tumour stem cells

Johann Kummermehr; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

This chapter provides an overview of the tumor stem cells. There is a characteristic difference between the concept of stem cells in tumors and stem cells in normal tissues. In tumors, stem cells may be defined as the biological units which have the potential of giving rise to a new tumor, either by metastasis or by tumor recurrence after therapy. This definition provides a much more rigorous test for identifying stem cells than is available in most normal tissues except for the bone marrow stem cells CFU-S. In normal tissue stem cells are defined on the basis of a compartimentalized system of constant cell renewal with cells progressing through a series of differentiation and maturation steps, and by their capacity to maintain the steady state of cell production, cell differentiation and cell loss although it is only by severe perturbation of the steady state that they can be tested. This chapter discusses the proliferative structure of malignant tumors. It explains concepts related to the identification and measurement of tumor stem cells. The chapter elaborates in detail about the implications of the hierarchical proliferative structure of tumors on the interpretation of experimental results in cancer research.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2005

Dose to bone marrow using IMRT techniques in prostate cancer patients

Eduard Gershkevitsh; Catharine H. Clark; John Nicholas Staffurth; David P. Dearnaley; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

Purpose:To investigate the dose distribution in active bone marrow of patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer and compare it to the distribution in the same patients, if they had been treated using conformal plans, in order to develop criteria for optimization to minimize the estimated risk of secondary leukemia.Patients and Methods:Mean bone marrow doses were calculated for ten patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent whole-pelvis IMRT and compared to three-dimensional conformal (3-D CRT) plans prepared for the same patients. Also for comparison, the IMRT and 3-D CRT plans were produced to simulate the treatment of the prostate gland only. To measure the dose to extrapelvic bone marrow, three thermoluminescent diode (TLD) chips were placed in the middle of the sternum region inside the Rando phantom.Results:For both the pelvic and prostate-only volumes, the IMRT plans were superior to 3-D CRT plans in reducing the high dose volume to the rectum, the bladder and the small bowel while maintaining acceptable coverage of the planning target volume (PTV). For the pelvic treatment group the IMRT plans, compared to 3-D CRT, reduced the high dose volume (> 20 Gy) to os coxae, which is the main contributor of dose to pelvic bone marrow, but increased the middle dose volume (10–20 Gy). No statistically significant differences were observed for lower dose volumes (< 5 Gy). For the prostate-only treatment the IMRT plan increased the high dose volume and slightly decreased the low dose volume of pelvic bone marrow. However, for both treatments the leakage dose to extrapelvic sites was higher by a factor of 2 in IMRT plans.Conclusion:There are significant differences in the dose-volume histograms of bone marrow doses from 3-D CRT and from IMRT. Pronounced dose inhomogeneity reduces the risk of leukemia compared to homogeneous radiation exposure of the bone marrow. The mean bone marrow dose is therefore not a useful criterion to judge plan quality, since scattered low doses to distant sites may be more critical than the high dose volumes receiving > 10 Gy. The number of monitor units needed to deliver an IMRT plan affects leakage dose and their incorporation into planning constraints should be considered.Ziel:Die Dosisverteilung im roten Knochenmark von Patienten, die wegen eines Prostatakarzinoms mit einer intensitätsmodulierten Strahlentherapie (IMRT) behandelt werden, sollte mit derjenigen verglichen werden, die sie bei einer dreidimensionalen (3-D) konformalen Strahlentherapie erhalten würden, um Optimierungskriterien für die Beurteilung von Bestrahlungsplänen zu entwickeln und so das mögliche Risiko einer strahlentherapieinduzierten Leukämie zu minimieren.Patienten und Methodik:Bei zehn Patienten, die eine IMRT des ganzen Beckens erhielten, wurde die Dosisverteilung im roten Knochenmark berechnet und mit der Dosisverteilung verglichen, die sie bei einer 3-D-konformalen Strahlentherapie des gleichen Zielvolumens erhalten hätten. Außerdem wurden die Dosisverteilungen im roten Knochenmark bei ausschließlicher Bestrahlung der Prostata verglichen. Die Dosis außerhalb des Beckens wurde für alle Bestrahlungspläne im Sternum eines Rando-Phantoms mit Thermolumineszenzdioden-(TLD-)Dosimetern gemessen.Ergebnisse:Sowohl bei Bestrahlung des ganzen Beckens als auch der Prostata allein ergab die IMRT-Technik eine Verkleinerung des Hochdosisvolumens im Rektum, in der Blase und im Dünndarm bei akzeptabler Dosisverteilung im Planungszielvolumen (PTV). Die IMRT-Technik reduzierte bei Bestrahlung des Beckens das mit hoher Dosis belastete Knochenmarkvolumen, vergrößerte aber das mit mittlerer Dosis von 10–20 Gy belastete Volumen, während kein Unterschied im mit < 5 Gy belasteten Volumen gemessen wurde. Bei Bestrahlung der Prostata allein vergrößerte die IMRT-Technik das Hochdosisvolumen und verkleinerte das Niedrigdosisvolumen im Becken. Die Leckagedosis war bei der IMRT-Technik um den Faktor 2 erhöht.Schlussfolgerung:Die Dosis-Volumen-Histogramme im roten Knochenmark unterscheiden sich signifikant bei der IMRT im Vergleich zur 3-D-konformalen Strahlentherapie des Prostatakarzinoms. Das durch Bestrahlung ausgelöste Leukämierisiko ist bei ausgeprägter Dosisinhomogenität im Knochenmark geringer als bei homogener Strahlenexposition. Deshalb ist die mittlere Knochenmarkdosis kein geeignetes Kriterium zur Beurteilung von Bestrahlungsplänen, denn Streustrahlendosen in entfernteren Knochenmarkvolumina sind kritischer zu bewerten als Knochenmarkbelastungen von > 10 Gy. Die Zahl der Monitoreinheiten hat einen großen Einfluss auf die Leckagedosis bei der IMRT; es wäre zu überlegen, ob dieser Parameter in die Optimierungskriterien der IMRT einbezogen werden sollte.


Radiotherapy and Oncology | 1999

Bone marrow doses and leukaemia risk in radiotherapy of prostate cancer

Eduard Gershkevitsh; Ivan Rosenberg; David P. Dearnaley; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEnAs more and more patients with prostate cancer are cured and survive with only minor chronic morbidity, other potentially treatment related morbidity, in particular second cancers, becomes an urgent problem which may influence decisions on treatment strategy and treatment plan optimisation. Epidemiological data suggest a radiotherapy associated risk of AML in prostate cancer patients of approximately 0.1% in 10 years. The aim of the study was to determine the range of bone marrow doses from different treatment plans and in different patients in order to develop criteria for optimisation of treatment plans in conformal radiotherapy of prostate cancer to further minimise the small risk of secondary leukaemia.nnnMATERIALS AND METHODSnDoses to the pelvic bone marrow were calculated for eight different plans used in radiotherapy of prostate cancer to determine the variability of bone marrow doses in radiotherapy of prostate cancer. Computer tomography (CT) slices of the entire pelvic region of an Alderson phantom were acquired and transferred to the TPS. Critical bone marrow structures were outlined in each slice. Different treatment plans were evaluated on this phantom and dose-volume histograms (DVH) for the pelvic bone marrow were obtained. Similarly, the DVH for the bone marrow of 14 patients who received conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer was determined.nnnRESULTSnMean total bone marrow doses ranged from 3.4 to 5.6 Gy in the phantom study. Approximately 99% of the mean dose to the total bone marrow comes from the dose to bone marrow located in the pelvic bones and lumbar vertebrae. Mean bone marrow doses of 14 patients given the same conformal radiotherapy plan ranged from 3.5 to 7.7 Gy.nnnCONCLUSIONSnNo correlation was found between the rectum normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and the mean bone marrow dose. This means that in the process of treatment planning, exposure to both critical organs, the rectum as well as the bone marrow, should be minimised independently to arrive at the optimal treatment plan.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2002

Chromosomal Aberration in Peripheral Lymphocytes and Doses to the Active Bone Marrow in Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer

Eduard Gershkevitsh; Guido Hildebrandt; Ulrich Wolf; Friedrich Kamprad; Enn Realo; Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

Background and Purpose: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of prostate cancer. Epidemiological data indicate a small but sinificant risk of radiation-induced leukemia after radiotherapy which might be related to the high mean bone marrow dose associated with radiotherapy of prostate cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between the mean bone marrow dose and unstable chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients undergoing conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer as a possible indicator of risk. Endometrial cancer patients were also included for comparison.nn Patients and Methods: Nine patients, six with prostate cancer (60–73 years old) and three with endometrial cancer (61–81 years old) treated with radiotherapy were included in the study. The non-body spaces inside the pelvic bones were outlined on every CT slice using the treatment planning system and mean doses to the bone marrow calculated. Blood samples of the patients were obtained at different times before, during and at the end of treatment. Lymphocytes were cultured in the usual way and metaphases scored for dicentric aberrations.nn Results: 46 samples from nine patients were obtained. The mean number of metaphases analyzed per sample was 180 with a range from 52 to 435. The mean bone marrow doses for prostate cancer patients ranged from 2.8 to 4.2 Gy and for endometrial cancer patients from 12.8 to 14.8 Gy. The aberration yield increased with the planning target volume and the mean bone marrow dose.nn Conclusion: The yield of dicentric aberrations for prostate cancer patients correlated closely with the mean bone marrow dose albeit the induction of dicentrics occurred in mature T lymphocytes most of which were probably in transit through the irradiated volumes. Therefore, the observed relationship between dicentrics and mean bone marrow doses are indirect.Hintergrund: Bei der kurativen Behandlung des Prostatakarzinoms besitzt die Radiotherapie einen wichtigen Stellenwert. Andererseits weisen epidemiologische Daten auf ein erhöhtes Leukämierisiko nach Strahlenbehandlung hin. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen akkumulierter Knochenmarkdosis und der Häufigkeit dizentrischer Chromosomenaberrationen in peripheren Blutlymphozyten von konformierend bestrahlten Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom. Patientinnen mit Endometriumkarzinom wurden zum Vergleich in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen.nn Patienten und Methode: Neun Patienten, sechs mit Prostatakarzinom (Alter 60–73 Jahre) und drei mit Endometriumkarzinom (Alter 61–81 Jahre), bei denen das Behandlungskonzept eine konformierende Strahlentherapie vorsah, wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Knochenmarkvolumen und mittlere Knochenmarkdosis wurden nach Kontuierung der Markräume in jedem CT-Schnitt am Bestrahlungsplanungssystem berechnet. Zu bestimmten Zeitpunkten vor, während und nach Abschluss der Strahlentherapie erfolgten die Entnahme von Blutproben der Patienten und die Anfertigung von Chromosomenpräraten für die konventionelle zytogenetische Analyse. Die Häufigkeit dizentrischer Chromosomenaberrationen wurde bestimmt.nn Ergebnisse: 46 Blutproben von neun Patienten wurden untersucht. Die mittlere Anzahl der analysierten Metaphasen pro Probe betrug 180 (Bereich 52–435). Die mittlere Knochenmarkdosis von Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom lag zwischen 2,8 und 4,2 Gy und fünf Patientinnen mit Endometriumkarzinom zwischen 12,8 und 14,8 Gy. Die Häufigkeit dizentrischer Chromosomenaberrationen korrelierte mit dem Planungszielvolumen (PTV) und der mittleren Knochenmarkdosis.nn Schlussfolgerung: Die Häufigkeit dizentrischer Chromosomenaberrationen bei bestrahlten Prostatakarzinompatienten ist deutlich geringer als bei Endometriumkarzinompatientinnen. Sie korreliert mit der mittleren Knochenmarkdosis, obwohl die Aberrationen in reifen T-Lymphozyten induziert wurden, die sich vor allem im Transit durch die bestrahlten Volumina zum Zeitpunkt der Bestrahlung befunden haben. Deshalb halten wir diese beobachtete Korrelation für indirekt.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 1998

Strahlenbiologische Mechanismen für neue Strategien der Radiochemotherapie

Klaus-Rüdiger Trott

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie strahlenbiologischen Mechanismen, die bei der Planung neuer Strategien der Radiochemotherapie therapeutisch ausgenutzt werden können, werden dargestellt.MethodeDie Analyse pathogenetischer Mechanismen der Tumorheilung sowie akuter und chronischer Strahlenfolgen und die Analyse von experimentell dokumentierten Mechanismen der Interaktion von Chemotherapie und Radiotherapie sind die Voraussetzung, therapeutisch nutzbare Mechanismen zur Verbesserung der Radiochemotherapie zu identifizieren.ErgebnisWährend für die Wirkung auf den Tumor ausschließlich die unabhängige, additive Wirkung von Chemotherapeutikum und Strahlen verläßlich nutzbar ist, muß in der Pathogenese von Nebenwirkungen neben zellulären Mechanismen mit Interaktionen komplexer geweblicher Mechanismen gerechnet werden.SchlußfolgerungKeine der derzeit in randomisierten Studien angewandten Therapieschemata genügt den aufgestellten Forderungen an ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes Therapieprotokoll. Für Plattenepithelkarzinome ist am aussichtsreichsten ein Protokoll, das eine simultane oder interdigitierende Radiochemotherapie beinhaltet, die beide Modalitäten in wirksamer Dosierung (das heißt ohne Reduktion der Strahlendosis oder Verlängerung der Behandlungsdauer) einsetzt, ohne daß es zu einer Verstärkung akuter Nebenwirkungen kommt.AbstractBackgroundThe radiobiological mechanisms which may be exploited in the design of new strategies of radiochemotherapy are discussed.MethodsThe identification of exploitable mechanisms of radiochemotherapy has to be based on the analysis of cellular and supracellular mechanisms of tumor cure, acute normal tissue injury and chronic normal tissue injury, respectively, as well as on experimentally documented mechanisms of cellular and supracellular interactions of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.ResultsOnly the addition of independent cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy and of chemotherapy are a sound basis for predicting the therapeutic effects on tumor cure probability. In the pathogenesis of normal tissue damage, however, complex interactions of supracellular mechanisms play a decisive role which may increase the rate of chronic side effects even in the absence of cellular interactions.ConclusionNone of the presently used schedules of radiochemotherapy meets the scientific requirements outlined in the paper. For squamous cell carcinomas the most promising protocol would combine effective doses of chemotherapy and of radiotherapy without dose reduction and/or treatment prolongation simultaneously but without causing increased normal tissue injury.


Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie | 2000

Welche Methoden zur Minimierung des Zeitfaktors sind gesichert, welche sind ungesichert?

Klaus-Rüdiger Trott; Michael Baumann

Hintergrund: Eine Reihe experimenteller Untersuchungen und randomisierter klinischer Studien zeigen eine Abnahme der lokalen Tumorkontrolle mit zunehmender Gesamtbehandlungszeit einer fraktionierten Strahlentherapie. Die wahrscheinlichste Ursache dises Zeitfaktors ist die Proliferation klonogener Tumorzellen während der Therapie. Durch eine gezielte Hemmung der Proliferation klonogener Zellen während einer Strahlenbehandlung könnten daher möglicherweise wesentliche Fortschritte in der Radioonkologie erreicht werden.nn Methodik: In einer kurzen Übersicht werden die Möglichkeiten zur Minimierung des Zeitfaktors diskutiert.nn Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Hemmung der Proliferation klonogener Tumorzellen während der Bestrahlung durch simultane Chemotherapie, durch Blockade proliferationsstimulierender Signaltransduktionswege oder durch pharmakologische Inhibition der Tumorneoangiogenese ist wissenschaftlich interessant, jedoch in ihrer Wirksamkeit zur Minimierung des Zeitfaktors auf die Ergebnisse einer Strahlentherapie bislang nicht belegt. Die einzige derzeitg gesicherte Methode ist die Durchführung der Strahlentherapie in möglichst kurzer Gesamtbehandlungszeit, z. B. durch akzelerierte Fraktionierung und durch die Vermeidung bzw. Kompensation ungeplanter Behandlungsunterbrechungen.Background: Several experimental studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrate a decrease of local tumor control with increasing overall treatment time of fractionated radiotherapy. Proliferation or clonogenic tumor cells most likely is the major mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Important progress in radiation oncology might therefore be expected from inhibition of proliferation of clonogenic cells during radiation treatment.nn Methods: Possibilities to minimize the time factor are briefly discussed.nn Results and Conclusions: Inhibition of proliferation of clonogenic tumor cells during irradiation by simultaneous chemotherapy, by inhibition of signal transduction pathways that stimulate proliferation, or by pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis are scientifically interesting but currently not proven to be effective to counteract the loss of local tumor control with increasing overall treatment of fractionated irradiation. At present, the only established approach is to complete radiotherapy within a short overall treatment time, e. g. by accelerated fractionation and by prevention or compensation of unscheduled treatment gaps.

Collaboration


Dive into the Klaus-Rüdiger Trott's collaboration.

Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Thomas Herrmann

Dresden University of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Lutz Voigtmann

Dresden University of Technology

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

David P. Dearnaley

Institute of Cancer Research

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Eduard Gershkevitsh

Queen Mary University of London

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Wolfgang Dörr

Medical University of Vienna

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Michael Baumann

Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf

View shared research outputs
Top Co-Authors

Avatar
Top Co-Authors

Avatar

Catharine H. Clark

Royal Surrey County Hospital

View shared research outputs
Researchain Logo
Decentralizing Knowledge