Kleber Régis Santoro

Estimativas de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento de bovinos Zebu, criados no estado de Pernambuco

Foram analisados dados de pesagem constantes no banco de dados de Controle de Desenvolvimento Ponderal da Associacao Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ), referentes a 24.028 animais Zebu das racas Guzera, Nelore e Nelore Mocho, nascidos entre 1960 e 2000, objetivando-se estimar parâmetros de curvas de crescimento por meio de equacoes nao-lineares e verificar a influencia de efeitos fixos e aleatorios sobre as estimativas. As pesagens ocorreram ao nascimento e em intervalos de 90 dias ate dois anos de idade. Para analise dos dados de peso-idade, foram utilizados os seguintes modelos nao-lineares: Brody, Gompertz, Logistico, Mitscherlich, von Bertalanffy, Richards e Logistico duplo. As fontes de variacao estudadas no modelo misto foram sexo, propriedade, ano e mes de nascimento, tipo de sistema de criacao e interacao sexo*sistema de criacao, como efeitos fixos, e reprodutor e mae, como efeitos aleatorios. A equacao Logistica Dupla foi a que apresentou o melhor ajustamento e a Mitscherlich, o pior, segundo o numero de convergencias e o indice de ajuste. Os efeitos fixos mais influentes foram sexo, propriedade, ano e mes de nascimento e sistema de criacao. O efeito aleatorio mais influente foi o de mae. A variabilidade encontrada pode possibilitar a exploracao da modificacao da curva de crescimento por meio de programas de melhoramento genetico.

Composição química e degradabilidade in situ da ração em ovinos em área de caatinga no sertão de Pernambuco

This work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of the type of fistula and time of collection on the chemical composition and in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein in the caatinga region. The experiment was conducted between September 2004 and July 2005. Ten Santa Ines castrated sheep, five with permanent ruminal cannula and five with esophageal cannula, were used. Samples were collected from both cannulas at 7:00 am and 2:00 pm. Sheep had free access to water and mineral mix. The percentage of DM, MM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, NDIP, ADIP, CHOT, NFC, FT, TT and TC ranged from 11.99 to 25.28%; 10.92 to 14.44; 10.64 to 17.19%; 2.95 to 4.77; 54.83 to 63.14%; 39.40 to 46.62%; 49.74 to 57.95; 28.52 to 39.15; 65.40 to 72.73; 5.47 to 12.86%; 0.37 to 0.52%; 0.16 to 0.28%; and from 1.28 to 6.24%, respectively. Potential degradability (%), fraction B (%), fraction C (%/h), fraction A (%), effective degradability and passage rate of 2 and 5%/h ranged from 48.25 to 64.63; 35.77 to 47.78; 4.60 to 13.40; 9.74 to 18.13; 43.28 to 55.71 and 37.60 to 47.27 for dry matter; from 36.43 to 54.34; 33.28 to 50.38; 3.84 to 8.42; 2.16 to 4.41; 29.21 to 36.54; 23.02 to 33.33 for neutral detergent fiber and from 62.13 to 77.24; 35.44 to 56.09; 5.37 to 14.36; 20.21 to 31.49; 55.84 to 67.49; 45.74 to 59.99 for protein, respectively. The chemical composition and in situ digestibilility of diets for sheep in caatinga is influenced by the month of evaluation. The diet for sheep in the caatinga region presented low in situ digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and crude protein. Ruminal cannula instead of esophageal cannula can be used to characterize the chemical composition and degradability of diet consumed by small ruminants.

Perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de Staphylococcus aureus isolado de mastite subclínica bovina

Eighty-three strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis were studied in order to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial sensibility. Using agar diffusion technique, 79 (95%) strains were resistant to penicillin G and 73 (88%) to ampicillin. Against for the others tested drugs 83 (100%) were sensitive to cephalothin, 79 (95%) to enrofloxacin, 77 (93%) to tetracycline, 76 (92%) to erythromycin and clindamycin, and 65 (78%) to gentamicin. samples From those animals with recent intramammary infection, 91 and 87% strains were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, while from chronic infection 100 and 89% were resistant to those drugs, respectively. There was significant difference among the effectiveness of penicillin and ampicillin (P<0.01) for chronic infection category. Resistance to two antibiotics simultaneously was the most frequent with the profile penicillin+ampicillin observed in 55 (66%) of the studied strains. The results showed that resistance to penicillins frequently occurs in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Garanhuns, PE, Brazil.

Uso de funções de covariância na descrição do crescimento de bovinos Nelore criados no estado de Pernambuco

Random regression models using Legendre polynomials were used to describe the growth curve of Nelore cattle weighted every three months from birth to 720 days of age, in Pernambuco state, northeastern Brazil. Six different random regression models using Legendre polynomials of three, four, and five degrees to model additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, under homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variances with three classes were evaluated. According to the Akaikes information criteria, the five degree Legendre polynomial with homogeneous error was the best fitting model. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were low between weights at early and late stages of the weighting period, and high and approximately constant between weights at late stages. Genetic covariance of weights increased with age. Heritability estimates were low to moderate up to 60 days of age and reached values between 0.50 and 0.60 at older ages.

Herdabilidades de parâmetros de curvas de crescimento não-lineares em zebuínos, no estado de Pernambuco

Objetivou-se estimar parâmetros geneticos e fenotipicos de curvas de crescimento de modelos nao-lineares. Foram analisados dados de pesagem constantes no banco de dados de Controle de Desenvolvimento Ponderal da Associacao Brasileira de Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ), referentes a 24.028 animais Zebu, nascidos entre 1960 e 2000, das racas Guzera, Nelore e Nelore Mocho. As pesagens ocorreram ao nascimento e em intervalos de 90 dias ate dois anos de idade. Os seguintes modelos nao-lineares foram utilizados na analise dos dados de peso-idade: Brody, Gompertz, Logistico, von Bertalanffy e Richards. Os efeitos fixos estudados no modelo misto foram sexo, rebanho, ano e mes de nascimento e regime de criacao. As herdabilidades para os parâmetros foram de baixa a alta magnitude, em geral, para todos os modelos. As correlacoes geneticas entre peso assintotico e taxa de maturidade e entre peso assintotico e velocidade de crescimento foram negativas, enquanto aquelas entre taxa de maturidade e velocidade de crescimento foram positivas. As correlacoes fenotipicas foram negativas entre peso assintotico e taxa de crescimento e entre peso assintotico e velocidade de crescimento e positivas entre taxa e velocidade de crescimento. Encontrou-se variabilidade possivel de ser explorada em um programa de melhoramento genetico, especialmente para a raca Nelore, que apresentou amostra de dados e resultados mais consistentes.

Modelos de predição da natimortalidade em suínos

A total of 335 records of swine litters from 102 Large White females that farrowed between 1985 and 1996, born in the seasons of september to february and march to august, in the Recife city, in Pernambuco state (Brazil), were analysed. The objective was to compare regression equations to predict stillborn rates. Angular transformation (TA), a generalized linear model (GLM) with binomial distribution and logit link (BL), a Poisson GLM with log link (PL), a mixed GLM (GLMM) with binomial distribution and logit link (BLM) and a Poisson GLMM with log link were compared. Were considered the following sources of variation: average weight of piglets at birth in kilograms (P), age of the mother at birth in years (I), number of males (M) and females (F) born. Selection criteria for best model were prediction capacity and residual analysis. The best model was the GLM with binomial distribution with logit link with de variables age of the mother, number of males, and number of females.

Eficiência reprodutiva e influência de fatores de meio e de herança sobre a variação no peso ao nascer de bubalinos no estado de Rondônia

The objectives of this study were to evaluate reproductive traits (age at first calving and calving interval) and to obtain heritability estimates for birth weight in a crossbred (Murrah and Mediterranean breeds) Buffalo population in Rondonia State, Brazil. Data recorded between 1979 and 2001 were analyzed by SAS®. Variance components and heritability estimates were obtained by using the DFREML program. Age at first calving (1,291 ± 235 days) was significantly influenced by the contemporary group of dam. Calving interval (451 ± 139 days) was significantly influenced by the fixed effects of contemporary group of dam, weight of dam at previous calving, linear and quadratic components of age of dam at previous calving and the random effect of dam. Birth weight (34.25 ± 5.02 kg) was influenced by the fixed effects of sex, contemporary group of calf, weight of dam at calving and by the random effect of dam. Heritability estimate for birth weight was high (0.60 ± 0.12), suggesting genetic gains may be obtained by selection for birth weight in this Buffalo population.

Association between the swine production areas and the human population in Pinar del Río province, Cuba

Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between high human population density and high pig production in the province of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Materials and Methods: Records on pig movements at the district level in Pinar del Río province from July 2010 to December 2012 were used in the study. A network analysis was carried out considering districts, as nodes, and movements of pigs between them represented the edges. The in-degree parameter was calculated using R 3.1.3 software. Graphical representation of the network was done with Gephi 0.8.2, and ArcGIS 10.2. was used for the spatial analysis to detect clusters by the Getis-Ord Gi* method and visualize maps as well. Results: Significant spatial clusters of high values (hot spots) and low values (cold spots) of in-degree were identified. A cluster of high values was located in the central area of the province, and a cluster of low values involving municipalities of the Western zone was detected. Logistic regression demonstrated that a higher human population density per district was associated (odds ratio=16.020, 95% confidence interval: 1.692-151.682, p=0.016) with areas of high pork production. Conclusion: Hot spot of swine production in Pinar del Río is associated with human densely populated districts, which may suppose a risk of spillover of pathogens able to infect animals and humans. These results can be considered in strategy planning in terms of pork production increases and improvements of sanitary, commercial, and economic policies by decision-makers.

Caracterização de rebanhos leiteiros da raça Girolando através da tipificação de marcadores moleculares para kappa-caseína

This study aimed to characterize the genotype of kappa-casein in 144 Gir cows, the State of Pernambuco, using PCR-RFLP. 30 ½ Holstein-gir-gir 38 ¾ Holstein and Holstein-turned 76 ⅝: Whole blood samples of the animals of the following genotypes were collected. This material was extracted DNA. Through a region of DNA was amplified and its product has the action of restriction enzyme HindIII possible to observe the polymorphism was determined. The following genotypes with respective frequencies were found: AA (0.59); AB (0.25) BB (0.06); CA (0.05); BC (0.02) and CC (0.02). The allele frequencies observed for genes A, B and C were 0.74; 0.20 and 0.06, respectively. Important to note the detection of the C gene in the population, rarely described in other papers. The presence of the BB genotype in the population of Holstein cows-turned points for deployment of genetic selection for increased frequency of the genotype in question, which will enable significant gains in the milk chain, particularly for producers and processing industries programs.

Qualitative and anatomical characteristics of tree-shrub legumes in the Forest Zone in Pernambuco state, Brazil

The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional value of forage legumes Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Benth.), Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lan.) and evaluate the anatomy of plants incubated and not incubated in the rumen. The experiment was conducted from September 2007 to November 2008. The experimental plot consisted of three useful plants, totaling three plots per block, and four repetitions. Plants were cut at 1 m height at intervals of 70 days; samples of leaf plus stem with a diameter smaller than 4 mm were collected for determination of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein bound to acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility. The anatomical characterization occurred through the analysis of the proportion of plant tissue nonincubated and incubated in the rumen for a period of 48 hours. The legumes had high crude protein, with an average of 26.1% to Leucena, 22.4% to Sabia and 18.5% to Mororo, and low levels of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, with an average of 47.3% to Leucena, 42.8% to Mororo and 37.2% to Sabia. In the leaf blade of Sabia plants, much lignified tissues that differed from plants of Leucena and Mororo were observed. The degradation process was more visible in the leaves of the Leucena, Sabia and Mororo plants. The degradation was more pronounced in the spongy parenchyma, leaving the incubated material intact. The average proportion of the epidermis in the incubated and not incubated leaves was 15.8 and 16.4% in Leucena, 16.8 and 19.2% in Mororo and 27.2 and 25.5% in Sabia, respectively. There are differences in the digestion and nutritional value of leaf tissues of the evaluated legumes.