Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda

Characterization of the anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro (Honduras 35) common bean cultivar

Ouro Negro (Honduras 35) is a highly productive Mesoamerican black seeded bean cultivar that possesses a major dominant gene conferring resistance to anthracnose (causal organism Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). In this work the anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro was characterized by studying allelic relationships to the following previously characterized anthracnose resistance genes (cultivars): Co-1 (MDRK), Co-12 (Kaboon), Co-13 (Perry Marrow), Co-2 (Cornell 49-242), Co-3 (Mexico 222), Co-4 (TO), Co-42 (SEL 1308), Co-5 (SEL1360), Co-6 (AB 136), and the resistance genes present in PI 207262 and Widusa. In addition, we determined the resistance spectrum of Ouro Negro in relation to 19 pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum. The allelism tests confirmed that the dominant anthracnose resistance gene present in Ouro Negro is positioned at a locus distinct from those with which it was compared. We propose that this new gene be named Co-10. The inoculation of Ouro Negro with the 19 pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum demonstrated that Co-10 confers resistance to pathotypes 23, 64, 67, 73, 81, 83, 87, 89, 95, 102, 117, 119, 343, 453, 1033, 1545 and 1600. The identification of Co-10 is an important contribution to bean breeding programs that are in constant need of new sources of resistance to anthracnose.

Parentesco na seleção para produtividade e teores de óleo e proteína em soja via modelos mistos

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of relationship information for selecting soybean progenies as to their productivity, and oil and protein contents, using mixed models for the prediction of breeding values. Nine hundred F4:6 and 200 F4:7 soybean progenies were evaluated in the seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, respectively. The progenies were obtained from multiple crosses from 57 parents. Data were analyzed using random models (least squares) and mixed models BLUP/REML (best linear unbiased prediction/restricted maximum likelihood). The highest values of predicted gains were obtained by BLUP/REML. The breeding values predicted with the use of BLUP/REML without relationship information were highly correlated with the ones obtained with the random model, and the selected progenies were rather coincident. The inclusion of the relationship matrix resulted in the selection of different progenies and in higher accuracy of breeding values.

Associação de marcadores microssatélites com teores de óleo e proteína em soja

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associacao de marcadores microssatelites localizados proximos a locos de caracteres quantitativos (QTL) descritos na literatura, com os teores de oleo e proteina de genotipos de soja cultivados no Brasil. Quarenta e nove genotipos de soja foram avaliados em Vicosa, MG (12/2009); Visconde do Rio Branco, MG (2/2010); e Sao Gotardo, MG (2/2010 e 10/2011). Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes. Os teores de oleo e proteina foram determinados por espectrometria do infravermelho. Foi observada ampla variabilidade genetica para esses teores. Dos 65 marcadores microssatelites testados, 35 apresentaram associacao significativa com pelo menos um dos teores, mas poucos foram consistentes com a mudanca de ambiente. Ao se levar em conta a consistencia da associacao em todos os ambientes, os marcadores Satt239, Satt384 e Satt562 destacam-se para a selecao assistida quanto aos teores de oleo e de proteina, enquanto o Satt310 destaca-se para selecao quanto ao teor de oleo, e o Satt567, quanto ao de proteina.

Genetic parameters and genotype x environment interaction for productivity, oil and protein content in soybean

The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes and environments for productivity and content of protein and oil, as well as to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic variation among 18 genotypes of soybean grown in four environments. The experiments were set up in the 2006/2007 agricultural year in a randomized block design with three repetitions. The content of protein and oil in the beans was determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). In the four environments the significance was noted for genetic variability and genotype x environment interactions for all traits. Estimates of the heritability of the analyzed variables were high, indicating potential for selecting superior genotypes in breeding programs. In partial correlation analysis only the oil and protein contents were significantly correlated. Correspondence was observed between the UPGMA and Tocher estimation methods, dividing the genotypes into three heterotic groups, with the protein content being the character that most contributed to genetic diversity. Key words:

Análise biométrica do conteúdo de proteína e óleo de genótipos de soja em diferentes ambientes

The objective of this work was to identify by biometric analyses the most stable soybean parents, with higher oil or protein contents, cultivated at different seasons and locations of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Forty-nine genotypes were evaluated in the municipalities of Vicosa, Visconde do Rio Branco, and Sao Gotardo, in the state of Minas Gerais, from 2009 to 2011. Protein and oil contents were analyzed by infrared spectrometry using a FT-NIR analyzer. The effects of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction were significant. The BARC-8 soybean genotype is the best parent to increase protein contents in the progenies, followed by BR 8014887 and CS 3032PTA276-3-4. Selection for high oil content is more efficient when the crossings involve the Suprema, CD 01RR8384, and A7002 genotypes, which show high mean phenotypic values, wide adaptability, and greater stability to environmental variation.

Development and characterization of common black bean lines resistant to anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot in Brazil

Anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Uromyces appendiculatus and Pseudocercospora griseola, respectively, are economically important diseases affecting the common bean production in Brazil. The BIOAGRO/UFV bean breeding program developed Rudá-R, a dry bean line with ‘carioca’ seed type, containing the following disease resistance genes: Co-4, Co-6 and Co-10 (anthracnose); Ur-ON (rust) and Phg-1 (angular leaf spot). To transfer this combination of disease resistance genes present in Rudá-R to a black-seeded bean, a backcrossing program aided by molecular markers was conducted, involving Rudá-R (donor genitor) and Diamante Negro (recurrent genitor). Forty black-seeded BC3F3:6 lines were obtained with combinations of at least three markers linked to the indicated disease resistance genes. The lines were evaluated for resistance to the three mentioned pathogens. Eight of the lines were homozygous and resistant to all four evaluated races of C. lindemuthianum, but susceptible to race 2047. Four of the lines were homozygous and resistant to two races of U. appendiculatus. Twenty of the lines were homozygous and resistant to the two races of P. griseola tested. Grain yield of the BC3F3:6 lines was evaluated during the ‘winter’ season of 2006 and the ‘dry’ season of 2007. All lines had statistically equal or higher yields than Rudá-R and Diamante Negro. Lines were identified that not only were high yielding but also resistant to the three pathogens tested. These lines are potential genotypes for further testing and for release as new black common bean varieties.

Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de genitores de feijão tipo carioca quanto à resistência a patógenos

Abstract€–€The present study aimed at the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 31€genotypes of thecarioca-type common bean regarding the resistance to anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot (ALS) pathogens.Thirteen pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum , two of Uromyces appendiculatus and seven of Pseudocercospora griseola were inoculated. In the molecular characterization, five molecular markers, identifiedin advance, and linked to the different alleles of pathogens’ resistance, were used. Seven genotypes showedresistance to 12€pathotypes of C.€lindemuthianum . Nine genotypes presented resistance to five pathotypes of P.€griseola . Ten genotypes were resistant to the pathotypes of U.€appendiculatus . The lines VC€2, VC€3 andVC€5, besides Ruda-R (line pyramided with five genes which confer resistance to some pathotypes of anthracnose,rust and ALS), were the stood out for multiple resistance to the pathogens above described. Molecularpolymorphism was detected between the most genotypes with Ruda-R, which indicates the possibility of usingthe molecular markers SCARF10, SCAR Y20, SCARAZ20, SCARH13 and OPX1 1 .Index terms:

Divergência em QTLs e variância genética para teores de proteína e óleo em soja

The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the parameters of divergence on QTL regions and the genetic variance in soybean genotypes for protein and oil contents. Two groups of genotypes were evaluated for protein and oil contents in different environments, and genotyped with molecular markers of QTL regions. Subgroups were established by predefined criteria from each group, and the relationship between the parameters was evaluated by comparing mean divergence and genetic variance between the subgroups. The subgroups were defined based on the criteria of difference of mean divergence, homogeneity and heterogeneity in the subgroups, and proximity in a three-dimensional projection of the distance matrix. Percentage agreement between the greater values for mean divergence and genetic divergence for the subgroup total of each initial group was 72.5 and 73.4%, respectively. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between the estimates on QTL regions and genetic variance for protein and oil contents in grains in these genotypes. The genetic distances based on molecular markers of QTL regions are efficient to predict the genetic variability in soybean genotypes, for protein and oil contents.