Knut Ingar Westeren

Coping with increased managerial tasks: tensions and dilemmas in nursing leadership

The present study explores how increased managerial tasks affect nursing leadership in Norwegian nursing homes. Responding to New Public Management reforms, increased managerial tasks have been implemented by Norwegian central government into public nursing homes. Even though nursing leadership plays a key role in implementing managerial tasks, it is still unclear how nurses describe the influence of increased managerial tasks in nursing leadership. This was a qualitative study, including 100 hours of observations and 18 semi-structured interviews of nurses holding various positions in three public nursing homes. Thematic analysis was used in analysing data. Three changes were identified in the exercise of nursing leadership: (1) leading daily care from a distance; (2) lack of support in problem-solving; and (3) difficulties in adopting new managerial language. The study demonstrates that managers take on a more administrative role that, in turn, weakens their ability to supervise and motivate nurses in daily care. Lack of a reciprocal relationship between managers and nurses in goal achievement has significantly weakened nursing leadership in nursing homes. The study contributes knowledge on how nursing leadership weakens as a response to changes in nurses’ roles with increased managerial tasks.

Knowledge Transfer Networks, Value Creation, and Cultural Aspects of Industrial Production

Abstract Knowledge transfer considers the company as a dynamic system dealing with different kinds of knowledge. As production becomes more knowledge-based, this increases the potential for capturing and taking advantage of knowledge. On the other side, these factors become more complex and difficulties increase for the effective transfer of knowledge across organizational boundaries. Research on knowledge transfer has experienced substantial growth in the past 30 years and research on knowledge transfer is still increasing (Kumar & Ganesh, 2009). The literature argues quite unanimously that there is a positive link between knowledge sharing and competitive advantage. This is analyzed in several studies, but according to Dyer and Hatch (2006), this assumption has not been generally proven. In this chapter, we discuss the points of view from different contributions on this subject. In the empirical part of this chapter, we propose the idea that knowledge transfer is a way for organizations to be more competitive and implement changes essential to their survival. This is done by looking at five firms in the meat producing industry in different countries.

Epistemological Perspectives in the Analysis of Human Capital and Human Assets and the Development of the Knowledge-Based Economy

Abstract In the 1990s, von Krogh, Roos, and Slocum (1994) and Venzin, von Krogh, and Roos (1998) began discussions centered around epistemology and knowledge management, focusing mainly on the varied sources and backgrounds for knowledge management. Since 2000, we have seen a much wider debate on several issues that are related to the development of a knowledge economy. The main task became the establishing of a conceptual framework for further discussion of epistemological categories, using three keywords: cognitivism, connectionism, and autopoiesis. One objective of this book is to analyze the progression to a more knowledge-based economy by linking these keyword perspectives together, and the intention of this chapter is to present a fundament for these epistemological discussions.