Kôichi Fukui

Chapter 234 Lanthanide Chelates as Luminescent Labels in Biomedical Analyses

Publisher Summary Time-resolved fluorometry using lanthanide chelates as luminescent labels is a potentially superior technique for biomedical analyses. This chapter describes the applications of lanthanide chelates as luminescent labels in bioanalysis and biotechnology such as immunoassay, DNA hybridization assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, and cell imaging. An advantage of this technique is that time-resolved fluorometry using lanthanide chelates with long lifetime can remove background fluorescence, thus increasing the sensitivity, and is clearly seen in assays where the sample contains many coexisting materials in relatively high concentration. An example of analyses where time-resolved measurement is less effective in terms of sensitivity compared to immunoassay is DNA analyses, where DNA is extracted from body samples and the sample solution contains less matrix materials than serum.

A paramagnetic quasi-1D chain comprised of Pt/Rh possessing an unpaired electron

Abstract In this manuscript we review the structure of the novel 1-D chain complex, {[PtRh(PVM)2(NH3)2Cl2.5]2[Pt2(PVM)2 (NH3)4]2(PF6)6. 2MeOH. 2H2O}n (4) (PVM = pivalamidate), consisting of mixed-valence dimeric complexes with appreciably extended metal–metal bondings. Compound 4 is made up of octameric segments, each of which consists of two platinum-rhodium dinuclear complexes and a tetrameric platinum unit. The charge of 19+ for the Pt6Rh2 octameric segment in 4 was deduced from the number of the independent PF6 counter ions, and is the supporting evidence for one unpaired electron per one octameric segment The tetrameric platinum unit in 4 is the structural motif that is observed in [Pt2(PVM)2(NH3)4](PF6)2.H2O (2) and [Pt4(PVM)4(NH3)8](PF6)4(ClO4) .2H2O (3 =“platinum blue” with one electron delocalized over the four platinum atoms). On the basis of the EPR, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity results, the nature of the unpaired electron in 4 is discussed.

Hemodynamic analysis of cerebral aneurysm and stenosed carotid bifurcation using computational fluid dynamics technique

Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the three major mortalities in Japan, such as the rupture of cerebral aneurysm and cerebral infarction caused by carotid stenosis. The growth mechanism of the cerebral aneurysm and carotid stenosis has not been clearly understood. In this research, we are introducing a numerical simulation tool; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique, to simulate and predict the hemodynamics of blood passing through the cerebral aneurysms and stenosed carotid arteries. The results of a ruptured and an unruptured cerebral aneurysm were compared. Energy losses were calculated in ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms, the results were 167 Pa and 6.3 Pa respectively. The results also indicated that the blood flows took longer residence inside of bleb of the ruptured aneurysm. The maximum wall shear stress was observed at 70% stenosis from the simulation results of stenosed carotid bifurcation. The result qualitatively agrees with classical treatments in carotid bifurcation therapy.