Kokil Jaidka

Analysis of the macro-level discourse structure of literature reviews

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the macro‐level discourse structure of literature reviews found in information science journal papers, and to identify different styles of literature review writing. Although there have been several studies of human abstracting, there are hardly any studies of how authors construct literature reviews.Design/methodology/approach – This study is carried out in the context of a project to develop a summarization system to generate literature reviews automatically. A coding scheme was developed to annotate the high‐level organization of literature reviews, focusing on the types of information. Two sets of annotations were used to check inter‐coder reliability.Findings – It was found that literature reviews are written in two distinctive styles, with different discourse structures. Descriptive literature reviews summarize individual papers/studies and provide more information on each study, such as research methods, results and interpretation. Integrative liter...

The 2014 Indian elections on Twitter

The study examines Twitter political campaigns in the 2014 Indian general election.It also examines the role of internet and first time voters in electoral success.New-and-upcoming parties used Twitter for self-promotion and media validation.The winning party, BJP, focused on youth issues and interacted the most on Twitter.First time voters and internet access was predictive of BJPs electoral success. Twitter, a popular social media platform, has surfaced as a dominant political communication and campaign tool across Western democracies. However its role in politics, particularly in electoral campaigns, in economically developing democracies with low internet accessibility, is largely unknown. This study conducts an investigation of Twitters use as a campaign tool during the 2014 Indian general elections, which was the countrys first experiment with using social media for political campaigning. We present a multi-level manual and computer-aided analysis of 98,363 tweets posted by eleven political parties during the two-month run up to the elections, to present the topical, functional and interaction strategies of their Twitter campaigns. This analysis is complemented by a macro analysis of electoral outcomes relationship with first-time voter population and internet accessibility information at the state level. Our findings suggest that the new-and-upcoming parties used Twitter for self-promotion and media validation, while established parties used it to supplement their offline strategies. It is also observed that the winning partys electoral success is significantly associated with their use of Twitter for engaging voters, the large population of first-time voters and levels of internet accessibility. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Imitating human literature review writing: an approach to multi-document summarization

This paper gives an overview of a project to generate literature reviews from a set of research papers, based on techniques drawn from human summarization behavior. For this study, we identify the key features of natural literature reviews through a macro-level and clause-level discourse analysis; we also identify human information selection strategies by mapping referenced information to source documents. Our preliminary results of discourse analysis have helped us characterize literature review writing styles based on their document structure and rhetorical structure. These findings will be exploited to design templates for automatic content generation.

Literature review writing: how information is selected and transformed

Purpose – This paper aims to report a study of researchers preferences in selecting information from cited papers to include in a literature review, and the kinds of transformations and editing applied to the selected information.Design/methodology/approach – This is a part of a larger project to develop an automatic summarization method that emulates human literature review writing behaviour. Research questions were: how are literature reviews written – where do authors select information from, what types of information do they select and how do they transform it? What is the relationship between styles of literature review (integrative and descriptive) and each of these variables (source sections, types of information and types of transformation)? The authors analysed the literature review sections of 20 articles from the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2001‐2008, to answer these questions. Referencing sentences were mapped to 279 source papers to determine the s...

The Common Man: An Examination of Content Creation and Information Dissemination on Twitter during the 2012 New Delhi Gang-Rape Protest

Twitter has become a critical force in generating and disseminating information pertaining to news events, public and media action, especially in situations such as protests, where public activism and media coverage form a symbiotic relationship. This study identifies different types of users or the key actors, e.g., traditional media organizations, new media organizations, non-government organizations and individual users who posted on Twitter in the period before, during and after the mass protests pertaining to a gang-rape incident in the Indian capital city of New Delhi in December 2012. The study especially focuses on the role of ordinary citizens or The Common Man in creating and disseminating information. Our results show that individual users contributed to more than half of the information dissemination, and the common man played an active part in creating and facilitating this information flow. Our findings can be leveraged by digital libraries for customizing the library experience for individual users as well as virtual communities according to the new dynamic paradigms of information creation and consumption.

The 2014 Indian general election on Twitter: an analysis of changing political traditions

This study investigates how politicians and citizens cooperate to create an e-democracy based on information dissemination and political awareness in an ICT environment, especially during elections. This research is conducted in the Indian context, where new ICT channels, such as Facebook and Twitter, were extensively used for campaigning and citizen engagement prior to elections. We downloaded 98,396 tweets posted by the official Twitter accounts of the top ten political parties during a two month period prior to election and conducted a three-level analysis to identify the overall trend in usage, the interactive characteristics of tweets and the functions driving the Twitter usage of political parties. Our findings show that the more successful parties used Twitter to push timely updates on online and offline campaign activities, to their followers. The exemplary use of Twitter for campaigns was by the Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP) Twitter account for interacting with the public, and by the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) account for self-promotion and highlighting its party manifesto. Further, we identify the new paradigms created by political parties to engage and inform voters, driven on modern ICT. Our study is the first in analyzing Twitter usage by Indian political parties, and its findings corroborate seminal research in other developing countries.

Tweeting India’s Nirbhaya protest: a study of emotional dynamics in an online social movement

Abstract Previous research has recognized the role of emotions in protests and social movements in the offline world. Despite the current scenario of ubiquitous social media and ‘Twitter revolutions,’ our knowledge about the connections between emotions and online protests still remains limited. In this study, we examine whether online protest actions follow the same emotional groundwork for supporting and nurturing a social movement as in the offline world, and how these emotions vary across various stages of the social movement. Through a computer-assisted emotion analysis of 65,613 Twitter posts (tweets), posted during the Nirbhaya social movement (movement against the Delhi gang-rape incident) in India, we identified a strong resemblance between online emotional patterns and offline protest emotions as discussed in literature. Formal statistical testing of a range of emotions (negativity, positivity, anger, sadness, anxiety, certainty, individualism, collectivism, and achievement) demonstrates that they significantly differed across stages of the social movement; as such, they influenced the course of the online protest, resonating parallels with offline events. The findings highlight the importance of anger and anxiety in stirring the collective conscience, and identify that positive emotion was pervasive during the protest event. Implications of these findings are discussed.