Konrad Diwold

Provisioning, deployment, and operation of smart grid applications on substation level

The transition of classical power distribution grids towards actively operated smart grids locates new functionality into intelligent secondary substations. Increased computational power and newly attained communication infrastructure in thousands of secondary substations allow for the distributed realization of sophisticated functions, which were inconceivable a few years ago. These novel functions (e.g., voltage and reactive power control, distributed generation optimization or decentralized market interaction) can primarily be realized by software components operated on powerful automation devices located on secondary substation level. The effective and safe operation of such software is crucial and has a broad set of requirements. In this paper, we present a flexible and modular software ecosystem for automation devices of substations, which is able to handle these requirements. This ecosystem contains means for high performance data exchange and unification, automatic application provisioning and configuration functions, dependency management, and others. The application of the ecosystem is demonstrated in the context of a field operation example, which has been developed within an Austrian smart grid research project.

Network and feeder assignment of smart meters based on communication and measurement data

The need to know the exact placement of a certain sensor or smart meter in a network is indispensable for all sorts of applications. From the network operators enterprise application down to local control applications using real-time measurements for active integration of renewables. Available data from the communication systems of these metering systems, as well as measurements from these sensors can be used to extract information regarding the assignment to the network or the individual feeder. This work presents a communication data based method to assign meters to their network and a voltage measurement based method to assign meters to their respective feeders.

Grid watch dog: a stream reasoning approach for lightweight SCADA functionality in low-voltage grids

The advent of distributed energy resources in conjunction with recent developments in the context of smart embedded devices has fostered the increased integration of intelligent generators and prosumers into the energy system. As a consequence, previously passively operated grids have become highly dynamic environments, which require active monitoring and control. To allow for such monitoring and control, grid operators require lightweight SCADA-like functionality that can be flexibly adapted to dynamic grid contexts and is suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems. Grid Watch Dog enables system operators to create monitoring and control rules for low-voltage field devices on the fly, and to immediately deploy them in the field. The system combines a stream reasoner on field devices with an intuitive user interface for creating and managing rules. Grid Watch Dog has been implemented as a proof of concept in a smart grid testbed and we demonstrate its application in the context of monitoring a battery energy storage system.

Reactive Operation: A Framework for Event Driven Low Voltage Grid Operation

This proposal presents a prototypical realization of the “Reactive Operations” concept. The core feature of the “reactive operations” is to present an operator only with information in case this information is required by the operator to identify unsuitable system behavior (e.g. if faults occur) and to bundle the presented information event specific. This contrasts conventional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems which constantly present an operator with specific system information.

Industrial IoT für Smart Grid-Anwendungen im Feld

ZusammenfassungDie Energiewende bewirkt eine Transformation des Energiesystems, die zu großen Herausforderungen für den Verteilernetzbetrieb führt. Dies ist der Tatsache geschuldet, dass bis dato passive Verteilernetz-Abschnitte, welche historisch reine Verbraucher waren, nunmehr durch dort verortete dezentrale Erzeugung und proaktive Netzteilnehmer – wie Photovoltaikanlage, Speicher und E-Mobility – aktiv Einfluss auf den Netzbetrieb nehmen. Durch die Integration und den Einsatz intelligenter Automatisierung sollen diese Netzabschnitte in Zukunft aktiv gesteuert werden. Das daraus resultierende Gesamtsystem stellt ein cyber-physikalisches System dar, dass durch einen hohen Komplexitätsgrad gekennzeichnet ist und die elektrische und algorithmische Welt mittels geeigneter IKT-Infrastruktur koppelt. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Steuerung und Automatisierung in solchen Systemen immer individueller wird. Dafür bedarf es flexibler und (hinsichtlich Installation und Wartung) einfach zu bedienender Automatisierungssysteme, die es den Betreibern von Verteilernetzen erlauben, individualisierte Lösungen nahtlos in ihren Netzen zu integrieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen Systemansatz, der aufbauend auf einer Industrial Internet-of-Things(IoT)-Plattform die Interaktion der notwendigen physikalischen Modelle und Anwendungen realisiert und somit zur Lösung dieser Herausforderungen eingesetzt werden kann.AbstractCurrently an increased integration of distributed energy resources and prosumers into the distribution system can be observed. These new resources range from renewable energy resources such as PV-systems, to storage systems, and e-mobility charging stations. This trend is coined under the term “Energiewende” and presents a challenge for the system operators, as the grid-level (where the integration of these entities happens) was initially designed for distribution purposes only and was thus operated passively. In order to mitigate and solve resulting problems, intelligent automation systems can be used to actively operate these grids. The resulting system constitutes a cyber physical system, which is characterized by a high degree of complexity and connects the electrical and the algorithmic world, using a suitable ICT infrastructure. As the control and automatization of such systems becomes more and more individual, flexible and simple to use (regarding installation and maintenance) automation systems are required, which allow the operator the seamless integration of individualized solutions into their grids. This article describes a system approach that is based on industrial Internet-of-Things technology and allows realizing the required interaction between the physical models and applications; thus presenting a solution to solve these challenges.