Konrad Schnabel
Humboldt University of Berlin
Network
Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Publication
Featured researches published by Konrad Schnabel.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2009
Brian A. Nosek; Frederick L. Smyth; N. Sriram; Nicole M. Lindner; Thierry Devos; Alfonso Ayala; Yoav Bar-Anan; Robin Bergh; Huajian Cai; Karen Gonsalkorale; Selin Kesebir; Norbert Maliszewski; Félix Neto; Eero Olli; Jaihyun Park; Konrad Schnabel; Kimihiro Shiomura; Bogdan Tudor Tulbure; Reinout W. Wiers; Mónika Somogyi; Nazar Akrami; Bo Ekehammar; Michelangelo Vianello; Mahzarin R. Banaji; Anthony G. Greenwald
About 70% of more than half a million Implicit Association Tests completed by citizens of 34 countries revealed expected implicit stereotypes associating science with males more than with females. We discovered that nation-level implicit stereotypes predicted nation-level sex differences in 8th-grade science and mathematics achievement. Self-reported stereotypes did not provide additional predictive validity of the achievement gap. We suggest that implicit stereotypes and sex differences in science participation and performance are mutually reinforcing, contributing to the persistent gender gap in science engagement.
European Journal of Personality | 2004
Sarah Teige; Konrad Schnabel; Rainer Banse; Jens B. Asendorpf
This study explored the psychometric properties of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST; De Houwer, 2003a) as adapted for the measurement of the implicit self‐concept of personality. The EAST was adapted to allow the simultaneous assessment of the three traits shyness, anxiousness, and angriness. In order to test the EASTs psychometric properties, 100 participants completed a trait EAST, Implicit Association Tests (IATs), and direct self‐ratings. The EAST showed low internal consistencies and correlated neither with the IATs nor with the direct measures. The main problem of the EAST, namely its low reliability, is discussed, and general conclusions regarding the indirect assessment of the personality self‐concept by EASTs are derived. Copyright
European Journal of Psychological Assessment | 2008
Konrad Schnabel; Jens B. Asendorpf; Anthony G. Greenwald
This review discusses basic features of Implicit Association Tests (IATs) that are relevant in order to estimate their suitability of IATs for the valid assessment of individual differences. We start with a description of the essential characteristics of the procedures of IATs and also refer to theoretical accounts for IAT effects. Then, we provide an overview of research on the psychometric properties of IATs including their reliability and incremental validity for the prediction of behavior over and above explicit measures. Finally, we describe some alternatives to IAT measures and offer an outlook for future research.
Experimental Psychology | 2006
Konrad Schnabel; Rainer Banse; Jens B. Asendorpf
A new chronometric procedure, the Implicit Association Procedure (IAP), was adapted to assess the implicit personality self-concept of shyness. A sample of 300 participants completed a shyness-inducing role play and, before or after the role play, a shyness IAP, a shyness Implicit Association Test (IAT), and direct self-ratings. The experimental group was instructed to fake nonshyness. The control group did not receive this instruction. IAT and IAP were unaffected by position effects, and were less susceptible to faking than direct self-ratings with regard to mean levels and correlates. Under faking, correlations between direct and indirect measures decreased, and direct but not indirect measures showed higher correlations with social desirability and lower correlations with observed shyness. Despite many similarities, the true correlation between IAT and IAP was estimated only .61, indicating high method-specific variance in both procedures. The findings suggest that indirect measures are more robust against faking than traditional self-ratings but do not yet meet psychometric criteria for practical assessment purposes.
European Journal of Personality | 2002
Konrad Schnabel; Jens B. Asendorpf; Fritz Ostendorf
In two German samples we investigated whether three major personality prototypes (resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled) can be replicated across different Big Five instruments (NEO‐FFI and NEO‐PI‐R), and whether they can be differentiated into replicable subtypes. For prototypes and subtypes, replicability within and consistency across samples was quantitatively measured. Three replicable prototypes were confirmed, but only two replicable resilient subtypes (well adjusted and assertive) were found. It is concluded that the search for a hierarchical taxonomy of people will require more investigation. Copyright
PLOS ONE | 2013
Maddalena Marini; N. Sriram; Konrad Schnabel; Norbert Maliszewski; Thierry Devos; Bo Ekehammar; Reinout W. Wiers; Cai Huajian; Mónika Somogyi; Kimihiro Shiomura; Simone Schnall; Félix Neto; Yoav Bar-Anan; Michelangelo Vianello; Alfonso Ayala; Gabriel Dorantes; Jaihyun Park; Selin Kesebir; Antonio Pereira; Bogdan Tudor Tulbure; Tuulia M. Ortner; Irena Stepanikova; Anthony G. Greenwald; Brian A. Nosek
Although a greater degree of personal obesity is associated with weaker negativity toward overweight people on both explicit (i.e., self-report) and implicit (i.e., indirect behavioral) measures, overweight people still prefer thin people on average. We investigated whether the national and cultural context – particularly the national prevalence of obesity – predicts attitudes toward overweight people independent of personal identity and weight status. Data were collected from a total sample of 338,121 citizens from 71 nations in 22 different languages on the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu/) between May 2006 and October 2010. We investigated the relationship of the explicit and implicit weight bias with the obesity both at the individual (i.e., across individuals) and national (i.e., across nations) level. Explicit weight bias was assessed with self-reported preference between overweight and thin people; implicit weight bias was measured with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The national estimates of explicit and implicit weight bias were obtained by averaging the individual scores for each nation. Obesity at the individual level was defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) scores, whereas obesity at the national level was defined as three national weight indicators (national BMI, national percentage of overweight and underweight people) obtained from publicly available databases. Across individuals, greater degree of obesity was associated with weaker implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. Across nations, in contrast, a greater degree of national obesity was associated with stronger implicit negativity toward overweight people compared to thin people. This result indicates a different relationship between obesity and implicit weight bias at the individual and national levels.
European Journal of Personality | 2008
Konrad Schnabel; Jens B. Asendorpf; Anthony G. Greenwald
Implicit Association Tests (IATs) often reveal strong associations of self with positive rather than negative attributes. This poses a problem in using the IAT to measure associations involving traits with either positive or negative evaluative content. In two studies, we employed non‐bipolar but evaluatively balanced Big Five traits as attribute contrasts and explored correlations of IATs with positive (e.g. sociable vs. conscientious) or negative (e.g. reserved vs. chaotic) attributes. Results showed (a) satisfactory internal consistencies for all IATs, (b) explicit–explicit and implicit–implicit correlations that were moderate to high and comparable in strength after both were corrected for attenuation and (c) better model fit for latent variable models that linked the implicit and explicit measures to distinct latent factors rather to the same factor. Together, the results suggest that IATs can validly assess the semantic aspect of trait self‐concepts and that implicit and explicit self‐representations are, although correlated, also distinct constructs. Copyright
European Journal of Personality | 2013
Konrad Schnabel; Jens B. Asendorpf
Two studies explored the psychometric properties of free association methods for the assessment of attitudes. Even though the stability of the actual associations was rather low, psychometric properties of the valence estimates of the free associations were highly satisfactory. Valence estimates of associations were provided by independent judges who rated the valence of the associations that were generated by participants. Valence estimates of the associations showed satisfactory internal consistencies and retest reliabilities over three weeks. Additionally, valence estimates of the associations were significantly and independently related to both explicit self–reported attitudes and implicit attitudes that were assessed with an Ossi–Wessi Implicit Association Test. Free association methods represent a useful complement to the family of implicit measures and are especially suitable for the assessment of non–relative attitudes towards single attitude objects. Copyright
British Journal of Social Psychology | 2006
Konrad Schnabel; Rainer Banse; Jens B. Asendorpf
Archive | 2007
Konrad Schnabel; Jens B. Asendorpf; Anthony G. Greenwald