Konstantin V. Muzalevskiy

UWB electromagnetic borehole logging tool

Based on a theoretical model of the geosteering borehole logging tool, which operates the broadband pulse, we demonstrate the possibility of detecting an interface between oil- and water-saturated layers in the oil-gas formation.

The new algorithm for retrieval of soil moisture and surface roughness from GNSS reflectometry

In this paper we propose a new simple algorithm for data processing of GNSS reflectometry. At first step of data processing of interference patterns the algorithm allows to retrieve the modulus of the reflection coefficient and then retrieve soil moisture and surface roughness of the soil. This method allows to not take into account information about the antenna pattern and height of GNSS antenna, and also excludes the impact of geodesic relief roughness. The proposed methodology was used for the retrieval moisture and surface roughness of soil using data recorded GPS receiver on a vertical polarization.

A temperature-dependent multi-relaxation spectroscopic dielectric model for thawed and frozen organic soil at 0.05–15 GHz

The dielectric model for an arctic organic-rich soil collected on the Yamal peninsula (50% of organic matter) both thawed and frozen has been developed. The model is based on the soil dielectric measurements carried out in the ranges of gravimetric moisture 0.03 to 0.55 g/g, dry soil density 0.72 to 0.87 g/cm3, and temperature 25 to -30°C (cooling run), in the frequency range 0.05-15 GHz. To fit the results of measurements of the soil complex dielectric constant as a function of soil moisture and wave frequency, the refractive mixing dielectric model in conjunction with the Debye multi-relaxation equations were applied. As a result, the spectroscopic parameters of dielectric relaxations and electrical specific conductivities for the bound, transient bound, and unbound soil water components were derived, being further complimented with the thermodynamics parameters. Having these parameters, the complex dielectric constant of soil can be predicted as a function of 1) density of dry soil, 2) gravimetric moisture, 3) wave frequency, and 4) temperature1.

A Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Model for Thawed and Frozen Organic Soil at 1.4 GHz

A single-frequency dielectric model for thawed and frozen Arctic organic-rich (80%-90% organic matter) soil was developed. The model is based on soil dielectric data that were measured over the ranges of volumetric moisture from 0.007 to 0.573 cm3/cm3, dry soil density from 0.564 to 0.666 g/cm3, and temperature from 25°C to -30°C (cooling run), at the frequency of 1.4 GHz. The refractive mixing model was applied to fit the measurements of the soils complex refractive index (CRI) as a function of soil moisture, with the values of temperature being fixed. Using the results of this fitting, the parameters of the refractive mixing model were derived as a function of temperature. These parameters involve the CRIs of soil solids as well as bound, transient, and free soil water components. The error of the dielectric model was evaluated by correlating the predicted complex relative permittivity (CRP) values of the soil samples with the measured ones. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) were estimated to be R2 = 0.999, RMSE = 0.27 and R2 = 0.993, RMSE = 0.18 for the real and imaginary parts of the CRP, respectively. These values are in the order of the dielectric measurement error itself. The proposed dielectric model can be applied in active and passive remote-sensing techniques used in the areas with organicrich soil covers, mainly for the SMOS, SMAP, and Aquarius missions.

The use of navigation satellites signals for determination the characteristics of the soil and forest canopy

In this paper presents the measurements of the interference pattern of GNSS signals recorded on Right Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) above the ploughed field, soil covered grass and under forest canopy. In addition, the theoretical models which links the interferometric pattern, recorded Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reciever on RHCP, with the soil moisture and the attenuation of electromagnetic wave in forest canopy is presented. It is shown, that the interference pattern is recorded by GNSS receiver on the RHCP, weakly dependent on the moisture and surface roughness of the soil. At the same time retrieved value of soil moisture has an error of the order of the measured value. The weak dependence of the interference pattern, recorded by the GNSS receiver on the RHCP, from the properties of the underlying surface, for the first time have been used to measure the attenuation coefficient of the forest canopy.

Geosteering technology of drilling tool in a layered medium oil and gas reservoir

In this paper, the geosteering technology of drilling tool, relatively bottom of oil horizon in oil and gas reservoir was proposed. A theoretical model of borehole logging tool, transmitting and receiving ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulses was proposed. The pulsed voltage at the output of the receiving antenna of borehole electromagnetic logging tool (BELT), located near the oil-water contact (OWC) was simulated, used experimentally tasted models of complex dielectric permittivity (CDP) of oil-saturated rock. The principal possibility of detecting the reflected pulse from transition layer which separates the oil-saturated rock from water-saturated rock and determine the distance to OWC was shown.

Retrieving Profile Temperatures in a Frozen Topsoil Near the TFS, Alaska, Based on SMOS Brightness Temperatures at the 1.4-GHz Frequency

In this paper, the method previously proposed in earlier work for measuring the temperature profile in a frozen topsoil using multiangular brightness temperature observations in the L-band has been experimentally tested. At a frequency of 1.4 GHz, full-polarization multiangular brightness temperature data were obtained from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite land product of Level 1C, with the SMOS footprint being centered at the Toolik Field Station (TFS), Alaska. The SMOS data covered the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011. Retrieval of the temperature profiles in a frozen topsoil was based on the semiempirical emission model L-MEB and the temperature-dependent dielectric model for an organic-rich tundra soil. The soil samples measured to develop the dielectric model were collected at the TFS site. For winter seasons, the retrieved temperature profiles in the 16.0-cm topsoil were validated relative to the temperature profiles measured in situ. As a result, the values of root-mean-square error and determination coefficient of the temperatures retrieved at the depths of 0.6, 8.7, and 16.0 cm, relative to the respective temperatures measured in situ, were found to be 2.8 °C, 4.9 °C, and 6.4 °C and 0.62, 0.42, and 0.26, respectively. The sources of error and possible improvements of the proposed retrieving algorithm were discussed. The major result of this study is the demonstration of the potential possibility for remote sensing of the temperature profile in a frozen arctic topsoil using the SMOS multiangular brightness data.

Testing semi-empirical model of reflection coefficient based on GNSSR measurements

In this paper, with using of semi-empirical model of the reflection coefficient, which is implementing to calculate the brightness temperature of the SMOS spacecraft at 1.4GHz in [1], [2] the soil moisture was retrieved from the reflection coefficients, which were measured by GNSS-reflectometer at a test site on the Yamal Peninsula. The model of reflection coefficient with root-mean square error (RMSE) of 0.04 allows to predict the experimental values of the reflection coefficient and with RMSE of less than 0.09cm3/cm3 allows to retrieve the soil moisture in the layer of 0-6cm.

Retrieving Soil Moisture and temperature using SMOS observations at a test site in the Yamal Peninsular

In this paper, the results of radiothermal remote sensing of soil moisture and temperature is presented for a test site located in Arctic tundra on the Yamal Peninsula, the Russia Federation using full-polarimetry multi-angular brightness temperature (BT) observations at the frequency of 1.4 GHz. The BT data were obtained from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite with the SMOS footprint near the polar weather station Marresale, Yamal Peninsular, the Russia Federation. The SMOS data covered the period of on the ground observations conducted in August, 2015. The method to retrieve soil moisture and temperature is based on solving an inverse problem by minimizing the norm of the residuals between the observed and predicted values of BTs. The calculation of BT was performed using semi-empirical model of radiothermal emission and temperature-dependent dielectric model for an organic-rich tundra soil. The obtained results revealed the applicability of the SMOS data for simultaneous retrieving the soil moisture and temperature for the Arctic tundra environment.

Measuring temperature profile using multi-frequency microwave radiometric observation-theoretical modeling

In this theoretical paper, we propose method for the measurement of temperature profile in the topsoil of Arctic tundra using observations of brightness temperature at frequencies of 1.4, 6.93, 7.3 and 10.7 GHz. A multi-frequency physical model of microwave emission of bare soil and dielectric model of Arctic tundra soil, with temperature profiles, which were measured in the active topsoil with using Toolik climate station on the North Slope of Alaska, were used to calculate “measured” values of brightness temperature. In the approximation of piecewise linear profile of soil temperature, from the “measured” values of brightness temperature were retrieved temperature profiles and were compared with ones, which were measured at the Toolik station from 2010 to 2011. The retrieved values of soil temperatures at the depth of 0.6cm and 16.0cm deviated from measured ones by 1.3°C and 3.2°C in terms of root-mean-square error, and by 0.92 and 0.62 in terms of determination coefficient, respectively.