Konstantinos Priftis

Non-resolving Findings in a Long-term Radiographic Follow-up of an Infant with Acute Paraffin Oil Aspiration.

Acute lipoid pneumonia (LP) in children is a rare disorder caused by the aspiration of oil-based substances and is difficult to diagnose due to non-specific clinical symptoms and radiological findings. We report the case of a 5-month-old male infant with acute LP caused by accidental aspiration of a large amount of mineral oil. We present the imaging findings in the computed tomography scans performed during his hospitalization and focus on the residual abnormalities seen on a scan performed 7-years after the incident. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the longest follow-up report of an acute exogenous LP patient and the only case that demonstrates non-resolving abnormalities in a pediatric patient after a single acute episode of mineral oil aspiration.

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy Due To Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection

We here report a 5‐year‐old boy who presented with cough and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with a family history of sarcoidosis. The laboratory investigations did not confirm this diagnosis. The child was serologically proven to have Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. He responded well to a course of erythromycin resulting in complete resolution of his symptoms and the presenting radiographic findings on his initial chest X‐ray. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1038–1040.

High-Resolution Computed Tomography Examinations for Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease in Early Childhood: Radiation Exposure and Image Quality Evaluations With Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm Use

Purpose High radiosensitivity of children undergoing repetitive computed tomography examinations necessitates the use of iterative reconstruction algorithms in order to achieve a significant radiation dose reduction. The goal of this study is to compare the iDose iterative reconstruction algorithm with filtered backprojection in terms of radiation exposure and image quality in 33 chest high-resolution computed tomography examinations performed in young children with chronic bronchitis. Methods Fourteen patients were scanned using the filtered backprojection protocol while 19 patients using the iDose protocol and reduced milliampere-seconds, both on a 64-detector row computed tomography scanner. The iDose group images were reconstructed with different iDose levels (2, 4, and 6). Radiation exposure quantities were estimated, while subjective and objective image qualities were evaluated. Unpaired t tests were used for data statistical analysis. Results The iDose application allowed significant effective dose reduction (about 80%). Subjective image quality evaluation showed satisfactory results even with iDose level 2, whereas it approached excellent image with iDose level 6. Subjective image noise was comparable between the 2 groups with the use of iDose level 4, while objective noise was comparable between filtered backprojection and iterative reconstruction level 6 images. Conclusions The iDose algorithm use in pediatric chest high-resolution computed tomography reduces radiation exposure without compromising image quality. Further evaluation with iterative reconstruction algorithms is needed in order to establish high-resolution computed tomography as the gold standard low-dose method for children suffering from chronic lung diseases.

P57 - Prognostic factors for asthma at school age in infants with atopic dermatitis

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common skin disorders seen in infants and children, is increasing, similar to that of other atopic disorders, particularly asthma. Although children showing more severe dermatitis have a higher risk of having more persistent AD, the role of severity as prognostic determinants for childhood asthma is not clearly determined.

Transient elevation of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm associated with pneumonia

Seventeen children with lobar or segmental pneumonia and ispilateral elevation of the diaphragm are described. These children did not differ significantly with respect to clinical and laboratory findings from their counterparts with pneumonia but without elevation of the hemidiaphragm. The elevation was transient and resolved by the time the repeat chest x-ray was taken six to eight weeks later.