Krystyna Czaplicka-Kolarz

Model of environmental life cycle assessment for coal mining operations

This paper presents a novel approach to environmental assessment of coal mining operations, which enables assessment of the factors that are both directly and indirectly affecting the environment and are associated with the production of raw materials and energy used in processes. The primary novelty of the paper is the development of a computational environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) model for coal mining operations and the application of the model for coal mining operations in Poland. The LCA model enables the assessment of environmental indicators for all identified unit processes in hard coal mines with the life cycle approach. The proposed model enables the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) based on the IPCC method and the assessment of damage categories, such as human health, ecosystems and resources based on the ReCiPe method. The model enables the assessment of GHGs for hard coal mining operations in three time frames: 20, 100 and 500years. The model was used to evaluate the coal mines in Poland. It was demonstrated that the largest environmental impacts in damage categories were associated with the use of fossil fuels, methane emissions and the use of electricity, processing of wastes, heat, and steel supports. It was concluded that an environmental assessment of coal mining operations, apart from direct influence from processing waste, methane emissions and drainage water, should include the use of electricity, heat and steel, particularly for steel supports. Because the model allows the comparison of environmental impact assessment for various unit processes, it can be used for all hard coal mines, not only in Poland but also in the world. This development is an important step forward in the study of the impacts of fossil fuels on the environment with the potential to mitigate the impact of the coal industry on the environment.

Application of neural network for the prediction of eco-efficiency

This paper presents the application of neural networks in the design process of new technologies taking into account factors such as their influence on the environment and the economic effects of their implementation. The use of neural networks allowed eco-efficiency assessment of technologies based on highly reduced number of descriptive design parameters, which are very difficult to collect at the conceptual design stage. The great diversity of technologies involved along with the small number of available examples made difficult to construct a neural model and demanded careful data preprocessing and network structure selection.

Life cycle assessment of heat production from underground coal gasification

PurposeIn Poland, coal is the main fuel used for heat production. Innovative clean coal technologies, which include underground coal gasification (UCG), are widely developed. This paper presents the analysis results of life cycle assessment (LCA) and material flow analysis (MFA) of using synthesis gas from UCG for heat production. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of MFA and LCA for four variants of heat production, which differed in the choice of gasifying agent and heat production installations.MethodsEnvironmental analysis was made based on LCA with ReCiPe Midpoint and ReCiPe Endpoint H/A method, which allowed to analyse of different categories of the environmental impact. LCA was performed based on the ISO 14040 standard using SimaPro 8.0 software with Ecoinvent 3.1 database (Ecoinvent 2014). Umberto NXT Universal software was used to develop MFA for heat production. LCA analyses included hard coal from a Polish mine and synthesis gas obtained in the experimental installations in the Central Mining Institute in Poland.Results and discussionMFA performed for technology of utilizing gases from UCG have made it possible to visualize materials and energy flow between different unit processes in the whole technological chain. Moreover, the analyses enabled identification of unit processes with the largest consumption of raw materials, energy and the biggest emissions into the environment. It has been shown that the lowest environmental burden is attributed to the technology, which uses high-pressure chamber with gas turbine in which the synthesis gas from UCG is burned and oxygen was a gasifying agent. Analysis of LCA results showed that the major environmental burden includes greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and the fossil fuels depletion. GHG emission results primarily from the direct emission of CO2 from gas combustion for heat production and electricity consumption used in gasifying agents preparation phase.ConclusionsIn order to increase the environmental efficiency of heat production technology using UCG, the most important activity to be considered is limitation of dust-gas emissions, including primarily CO2 removal process and efficiency increase of the installation, which is reflected in the reduction of coal consumption. It is important to highlight that this is the first attempt of MFA and LCA of heat production from UCG gas. Since no LCA has ever been conducted on the heat production from underground coal gasification, this study is the first work about LCA of the heat production from UCG technology. This is the first approach which contains a whole chain of unconventional heat production including preparation stages of gasifying agents, underground coal gasification, gas purification and heat production.

Computer Applications in Eco-efficiency Assessment in Logistics

Abstract Computer Applications in Eco-efficiency Assessment in Logistics The goal of this study is to present computer applications in eco-efficiency assessment in Logistics based on Umberto for Ecoefficiency software. The study defines the major components of eco-efficiency analysis like: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Material Flow Analysis (MFA). According to ISO 14045:2012 eco-efficiency assessment is a quantitative management tool which enables the study of life-cycle environmental impacts of a product system along with its product system value for a stakeholder. Within eco-efficiency assessment, environmental impacts are evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The eco-efficiency methodology is proposed with using Umberto for Eco-efficiency software. Therefore, this article presents the results of Life Cycle Assessment according to methods used in Umberto software on the case study of valuation of the different logistic possibilities. The results of this study can be used as the first step in performing a full cradle-to-grave eco-efficiency that includes all phases of the logistics system. Streszczenie Aplikacje komputerowe w ocenie ekoefektywności systemów logistycznych Celem tej pracy jest przedstawienie aplikacji komputerowych w ocenie ekoefektywności systemów logistycznych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania Umberto for Ecoefficiency. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera wybrane elementy analizy ekoefektywności jak: ocena cyklu życia (LCA- Life Cycle Assessment) i analizy przepływu materiałów (MFA - Materiał Flow Analysis). Przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczący zastosowania analiz ekoefektywności w logistyce. Zgodnie z normą ISO 14045:2012 ekoefektywność jest narzędziem zarządzania, które umożliwia kwantyfi kację oddziaływania na środowisko systemu produktów wraz z systemem wartości produktu. W ekoefektywności oceny oddziaływania na środowisko są oceniane za pomocą oceny cyklu życia (LCA). W artykule zaproponowano przeprowadzenie MFA i LCA z zastosowaniem oprogramowania Umberto for Eco-efficiency. Przedstawiono wyniki oceny środowiskowej dokonanej dla wybranych systemów logistycznych jako studium przypadku. Wykonane do tej pory analizy stanowią pierwszy krok w celu dokonania pełnej oceny ekoefektywności w całym cyklu życia.