Krzysztof Jaskólski

Comprehensive Assessment of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Data Application to Anti-collision Manoeuvring

The use of radar information for collision avoidance is common, however it is effective only for constant values of ship motion parameters. As information delays or information errors occur, it is reasonable to supplement the information derived fromradar with another information system. An ideal systemshould operate automatically and continuously.Asystem that appears to be suitable to provide this kind of information is theAutomatic Identification System (AIS),whichmay be classified as a radio communication systemthat uses radiowaves to transmit datawith regard to ship motion parameters. In this paper the topic of integrity and completeness of AIS information is discussed and the research results for the completeness and integrity of dynamic information are presented. In addition, the outcomes ofAIS information correctness fromthe Gulf of Gdansk were compared with studies carried out in the Baltic Sea, east of Bornholm, between Trelleborg and Arkona. The results of research for AIS dynamic information with the highest completeness (Position, Course over Ground and Speed over Ground) are presented. The research outcomes presented in the paper lead to the conclusion that AIS could deliver useful supplementary information in the process of collision avoidance.

Information unfitness as a factor constraining Automatic Identification System (AIS) application to anti-collision manoeuvring

ABSTRACT Common use of shipboard AIS creates conditions for the use of a new kind of dynamic data in the situation of the risk of collision. AIS position report is a source of supplementary information derived from error leveraged radar measurement. However, in view of the results of the studies there are opinions with regard to inconsistent AIS dynamic data in the process of decision-making by the officer of the watch. By taking into consideration the recordings of the studies and technical specification of AIS it can be concluded that the results of inconsistent data have significant role in collision avoidance manoeuvring.

INFORMATION UNFITNESS OF AIS

Abstract Commonly used AIS devices on the ships covered by SOLAS Convention creates ideas of the use of AIS data in the situation of the risk of collision. AIS position report is a source of supplementary information derived from error leveraged radar measurement. However, many of users has opinions with regard to inconsistent AIS dynamic data in the process of decision-making by the officer of the watch. Taking into consideration the recordings of the studies and technical specification of AIS, the results of inconsistent data has been analysed in the context of collision avoidance

AVAILABILITY OF AIS BINARY DATA TRANSMISSION BASED ON DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS PERFORMED ON THE SOUTHERN BALTIC AND THE DANISH STRAITS

ABSTRACT The problem of determining coordinates for the requirements of maritime navigation, considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, the operational characteristics of radio navigation systems such as availability are equally important. This paper analyses the problem of AIS binary transmission availability. An attempt was made to assess the availability of the AIS service transmission channel based on dynamic measurements. For this purpose, the theory of Markov processes defined on a discrete state space was applied. The Criterion of state system availability was adopted, stochastic matrix of probabilities of transitions between the states of the availability and accessibility of states limit the probability of AIS. In this paper, the author proposed a model for the assessment of AIS Service availability. To meet the objective of the research, recorded data derived from the Southern Baltic and Danish Straits Base Stations were used. STRESZCZENIE Dokładności, jakie zapewniają współczesne systemy satelitarne, sprawiają, że problem wyznaczania współrzędnych pozycji dla celów żeglugi morskiej w kategoriach minimalizacji błędów pomiaru wydaje się być rozwiązany w skali globalnej. Wobec powyższego równie ważna staje się operacyjna charakterystyka systemów radionawigacyjnych w oparciu o takie wielkości, jak na przykład dostępność. W artykule przedstawiono analizę zagadnienia dostępności transmisji binarnej w systemie AIS. Badania przeprowadzono dla oszacowania dostępności kanału transmisji AIS w oparciu o pomiary z obiektu ruchomego. W tym celu zastosowano teorię procesów Markova zdefiniowanych na dyskretnej przestrzeni stanów. Adaptowano kryterium stanu dostępności systemu opisane stochastyczną matrycą prawdopodobieństw przejść między stanami. Autor zaproponował model dla oszacowania dostępności AIS. Badania wykonano na danych zarejestrowanych na południowym Bałtyku oraz w cieśninach bałtyckich.

Application for Simulating Gyro-Compass Behavior

Abstract Resolution of International Maritime Organization (IMO Res. A.424 (XI)), International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS V/19.2.5) and consequently ‘Provisions Survey of Ships Marine’, part V, contained in the Polish Register of Shipping impose an obligation to fit ships with gyro-compass as one of the most complex marine equipment has found in the curricula of seafarers at the operational level (IMO Model Course 7.03). Curriculum involves the use real navigation devices. In addition, the adaptation of teaching facilities to meet the needs of the training process often requires the development of educational aids in the form of simulators and applications that represent the construction and operation of navigation devices. The article presents possibilities of the application - gyro-compass simulator developed for the requirements of the Institute of Navigation and Maritime Hydrography PNA. Among others, the program is used to simulate the conditions in which you can expect the occurrence of different types of gyro-compass deviation. Designed software is expected to improve the educational process, to help the students assimilate the content of the curriculum in the field of classic gyro-compasses and familiarize trainees with static and dynamic errors occurring with the change of operating conditions.

Maritime safety in terms of the availability for the AIS class B binary data transmission, based on static measurements, performed on the VTS Zatoka Gdańska

Abstract The problem of the safety navigation considered only in terms of position error measurement, seems to be solved on a global scale. Thus, the operational characteristics of radio navigation systems such as availability are equally important. The integrated navigation system operate in a multi-sensor environment and it is important to determinate a temporal validity of data to make it usable in data fusion process. In the age of digital data processing, the requirements for continuity, availability, reliability and integrity information are already grown. This article analyses the problem of time stamp discrepancies of dynamic AIS class B position reports. For this purpose, the statistical summary of Latency Position Reports, derived from class B units has been presented. The navigation data recordings were conducted during 82 days of August, September and November 2014 from 20 vessels located in area of VTS ‘Zatoka Gdańska’. On the base of Latency Position Reports class B it is possible to designate the availability of AIS information system. For this purpose, the model of availability of AIS binary data transmission and research outcomes have been presented.

The Availability Of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Based On Latency Position Reports In The Gulf Of Gdansk

Abstract The problem of determining geographic position considered only in terms of measurement error, seems to be solved on a global scale. In view of the above, from the nineties, the operational characteristics of radio-navigation systems are equally important. The integrated navigation system operate in a multi-sensor environment and it is important to determinate a temporal validity of data to make it usable in data fusion process. In the age of digital data processing, the requirements for continuity, availability, reliability and integrity information are already grown. This article analyses the problem of time stamp discrepancies of dynamic position reports. For this purpose, the statistical summary of Latency Position Reports has been presented. The navigation data recordings were conducted during 30 days of March 2014 from 19 vessels located in area of Gulf of Gdansk. On the base of Latency Position Reports it is possible to designate the availability of AIS system.