Kuan Peng

Determination of Biomedical Constituents of 350°C Pyrolyzate from Benzene/Ethanol Extractives of Old Bark from Cinnamomum Camphora Trunk

The extractives of C. camphora old bark were used to cure some special diseases; however, the biomedical constituents of extractives of C. camphora old bark are still not completely explained. Therefore, 350 °C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify the top value-added biomedical constituents of old bark-based benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora trunk. 74 chemical constituents representing 99.17% were identified from 86 peaks. The main components are as: Dodecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester (15.717%), Octacosanoic acid, methyl ester (10.357%), Abietic acid (8.483%), Heptacosane (5.678%), Ethyl alcohol (5.282%), Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester (3.365%), Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester (2.936%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester (2.928%), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.692%), Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (2.312%), Hexacosane (2.076%), Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (2.013%), etc. The analytical result showed that the 350 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora old bark is abundant in biomedical constituents, and also contains other bioactive components, which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, food, spice and chemical solvents.

450°C-Based Pyrolysis- GC/MS Analysis of Utilization of Benzene/Ethanol-Extracted Residue from Oil-Tea Cake

The extractives of oil-tea cake are considered to have bioactive components, but the extracted residues of oil-tea cake are still not utilized. The analytical result by 450°C-based Pyrolysis-GC/MS showed that 42 peaks were obtained from the 450°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake, and 41 compounds representing 97.53% of the total areas were identified. The analytical result revealed that the main components of benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake by 450°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS were as: Ethanone, 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-Methylphenyl)- (19.16%), Phenol, 2-Methoxy-6-(2-Propenyl)- (15.24%), Mequinol (14.37%), 2-Cyclohexen-1-One, 4,4,6-Trimethyl- (6.51%), 1,2-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic Acid, Trans- (5.68%), 3-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxyanisole (4.92%), Phenol, 2-Methoxy-4-Methyl- (4.33%), Phenol, 4-Ethyl-2-Methoxy- (3.62%), Vanillin (3.59%), Phenol, 2,6-Dimethoxy-4- (2-Propenyl)- (3.17%), N,N-Dimethyl-2-Cyclohexyloxyethylamine (2.94%), 1,3-Cyclopentanedione, 2-Methyl- (2.85%), Eugenol (2.56%), etc. The results of function analyses showed that the benzene/ethanol-extracted residues of oil-tea cake contain abundant components of rare natural medicinal materials, and materials of high-grade spice, cosmetic and food industry.

Analysis of Biomedical Prospect of Leaves from Liriodendron Chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg by GC/MS

Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg (Chinese tulip tree) has a long history of utilization and plantation, but the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg leaves were unrevealed. The analytical result by method of GC/MS showed that the chemical components of benzene/ethanol extractives of freeze-dried Liriodendron chinense were identified as 55 constituent, and the main components are as: 2-Propenenitrile, 2-chloro- (13.75%), 1-Mercapto-2-heptadecanon (13.10 %), 1-Mercapto-2-heptadecanon (12.77%), Ethanol, 2-butoxy- (12.03%), 1-Docosanol (10.74%), Guanidine, (4-aminobutyl)- (5.05%), 5,10-Pentadecadiyn-1-ol, acetate (4.82%), 1,2,4-Butanetriol (3.13%), Thiophene, 2-ethyltetrahydro- (2.09%), 1-Eicosanol (2.00%), 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, formate (1.60%), Butanoic acid (1.60%), .alpha.-D-Xylofuranoside, methyl 3,5-di-O-methyl- (1.30%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (1.29%),5.alpha.-Pregnane-12,20-dione (1.12%), Cyclopentanol (0.82%), etc. As the first report here, our result by GC/MS showed that the benzene-methanol extractive of freeze-dried leaves from Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg can be developed into top value-added materials of medicines and spicery.

Differential Gene Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in the Developing Seeds of Two Biodiesel Tree Species, Jatropha and Vernicia

The fatty acid compositions of Jatropha oil and Vernicia oil are strikingly different, which leads to a great difference in combustion performance, low temperature performance and oxidation stability. A comparative transcriptomic study was made in Vernicia and Jatropha, with a focus on the gene regulation of differential oil accumulation process. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted with seeds at the initialand faststage of oil accumulation from both. More than 24 billion bases of cDNA sequence were obtained, with 49,583 and 45,414 high-quality unigenes identified for Vernicia and Jatropha seeds, respectively. Multiple comparative transcriptome approaches revealed a number of species-specific fatty acid desaturases (FAD2, FADX, FAH12 etc.) contributing to their differentiated fatty acid compositions in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha. Meanwhile, the results suggested that DGAT majorly regulates TAG synthesis than PDAT in Vernicia seed, and PDAT may have more important role regulating TAG synthesis in Jatropha seed than in Vernicia seed. It was also implied that specific oleosins involving in oil bodies may have member bias and may affect lipid contents in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha, as some of which were 30-50 fold up-regulated (with their RPKM values over 10,000 at fast-stage). Some important factors were identified and can differentially regulate lipid pathways in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Oil-Tea Cake by Pyrolysis- GC/MS

The oil-tea cake is the particular byproduct during producing tea-oil from seeds of Camellia oleifera (oil-tea tree). However, the current processing and utilization of oil-tea cake is still low economic benefit and also low value-added. Therefore, 300°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to analyze the top value-added bioactive components of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake. The analytical result showed that 14 peaks were obtained from the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extract of oil-tea cake, and 13 compounds representing 99.16% of the total areas were identified. The MS analytical result showed that the main components of pyrolyzates of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake by 300°C pyrolysis- GC/MS were identified as: ethyl oleate; 14-pentadecenoic acid; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydrsoxy-1,3-propanedryl ester; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; squalene; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3-nitro-; etc.The results of function analyses showed that the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake contains abundant bioactive components of rare natural medicinal materials, and also contain many components which can be developed into two value-added materials of industrial chemical and high-grade spice.

550°C-Based Py-GC/MS Analysis of Chemical Components of Benzene/Ethanol Extractives from Trunk Bark of Cinnamomum camphora

Researches about the analysis and identificaion of chemical components of old bark from Cinnamomum camphora trunk were very less. Therefore, 550 °C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to identify the top value-added biomedical constituents of old bark-based benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora trunk. 107 chemical constituents representing 99.316% were identified from 120 peaks. The main components are as: 1-Nonadecene (6.313% from two peaks), Octacosane (5.749% from two peaks), Octacosanoic acid, methyl ester (4.706%), 9-Tricosene, (Z)- (4.273% from seven peaks), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.385% from three peaks), Pyridine-3-carboxamide, oxime, N-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)- (2.320% from three peaks), 25-Noroleana-9,12-dien-29-oic acid, 5-methyl-11-oxo-, (18.alpha.)- (2.165%), Cyclotriacontane (2.117%), Nonacosane (1.947%), 2-Pentene, (E)- (1.933%), Octadecane (1.932% from two peaks), Octacosane (1.898%), Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester (1.861%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester (1.849%), Tetracosanoic acid, methyl ester (1.774%), 1-Hexene (1.742), Cyclotetracosane (1.719%), Hexadecane (1.435% from two peaks), etc. The result of functional analysis suggested that the 550 °C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives from C. camphora old bark is abundant in biomedical constituents and other bioactive components, which can be used as top value-added materials of high-grade cosmetic, food, spice and chemical solvents.

Deep Analysis on Bioindustry Prospects of 40°С Volatiles of Cinnamomum camphora Branches

Cinnamomum camphora has been used to heal some specific diseases in the Chinese Folk for a long time. In order to explore the wide utilization in biomedicine and spicery, the chemical components of helium volatiles from the fresh branches of C. camphora were studied by TD-GC/MS. The analytical result by TD-GC/MS showed that 50 peaks were obtained from the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of C. camphora and 46 chemical compounds representing 99.993% of the total areas were identified. The results showed that the main components were as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (9.620%), 3-Cyclohexene-1- methanol, .alpha.,.alpha.4-trimethyl- (9.425%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (8.223%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (1S-exo)- (7.541%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (6.884%), Bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (6.050%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1S)- (4.678%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (4.500%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a- hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- (4.491%), 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1- (1-methylethyl)-, (R)- (4.254%), Copaene (4.120%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7- (4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (4.097%), Acetic acid, 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl ester (3.574%), Borneol 3.334%), 3-(4-N,N-Dimethylaminophenyl)propenoic acid, 2- (diethoxyphosphinyl)-, ethyl ester (2.809%), Eucalyptol (2.096%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11- dimethyl-3-methylene-, (Z)- (1.885%), (-)-Isosativene (1.664%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- (1.407%), Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(5-methyl-1-methylene-4-hexenyl)-, (S)- (1.218%), 1,4-Methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-9-methylene-, [1S-(1.alpha.,3a.beta., 4.alpha.,8a.beta.)]- (1.174%), .alpha.-Caryophyllene (1.156%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of C. camphora can be applicable to biomedicine and spicery industrial materials.

Study on Biomedical Prospects of Extractives of Pinus massoniana Lamb

Pinus massoniana Lamb has been used to heal some specific diseases in the Chinese Folk for a long time. In order to explore the wide utilization in biomedicine and spicery, the chemical components of helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb was studied by TD-GC/MS. The results showed that the main components were 1,4-Methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene- (29.98%), 1,4-Methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (10.32%), 1R-.alpha.-Pinene (8.33%), 1,2,4-Methenoazulene, decahydro-1, 5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (4.72%), Borneol (2.99%), Thujopsene (2.80%), 1-Phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde, 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b, 5,6,7,9,10,10a- dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl- (2.53%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1R)- (2.52%), Caryophyllene oxide (2.40%), Tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl- (2.32%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (2.274%), Acetic acid (2.07%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy- (1.61%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.

Determination of Bioactive Components of 60°С Volatiles from Cinnamomum camphora Branches by TD-GC/MS

The chemical components of helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora were studied by TD-GC/MS. The analytical result by 60°С-based TD-GC/MS showed that 55 peaks were obtained from the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora and 53 chemical compounds were identified. The results showed that the main components were as: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (15.4328%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (14.881%), Tricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)- (12.694%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (9.832%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3- pentenyl)-, (1S-exo)- (6.143%), 1,6,10-Dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl- (5.365%), Bicyclo[3.1.1] hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (4.527%), Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a- hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- (4.129%), 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1- (1-methylethyl)- (2.965%), Borneol (2.627%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, acetate, (1S-endo)- (2.586%), Copaene (2.534%), 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (Z)- (1.612%), (-)-Isosativene (1.121%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium volatiles from the fresh branches of Cinnamomum camphora could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Acetone Extractives of Cinnamomum camphora Root Wood by Py-GC/MS under 350°C

Py-GC/MS technology was used to analyze the high-grade resource recovering approaches of C. camphora root wood at 350°C. The result showed that the chemical components of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood are as: Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (10.255%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R)- (7.751%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol (5.765%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (3.833%), 1,6-Cyclodecadiene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8- (1-methylethyl)-, [s-(E,E)]- (3.669%), D-Allose (3.265%), Acetic acid (2.784%), 1(2H)-Naphthalenone, octahydro-8a-hydroxy- (2.719%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 4-methoxy-6- (2-propenyl)- (2.674%), .beta.(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)propionic acid (2.216%), Phenol, 4-methyl- (2.200%), Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (2.138%), 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl acetone (2.125%), 5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl- (2.075%), 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-6-ol, 1,3,3-trimethyl- (1.808%), Phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl)- (1.688%), etc. The analytical result by 350°C-based Py-GC/MS showed that the 350°C pyrolyzate of acetone extractives from C. camphora root wood can be used as top value-added materials of biomedicine, but also used as the bioactive materials of bioenergy, cosmetic, food, and other industrial solvents.