Kuldip Upadhyay

1,5-Benzothiazepine, a versatile pharmacophore: a review.

1,5-Benzothiazepine and 1,5-benzodiazipine are the two main seven-membered heterocyclic ring systems reported for their cardiac and psychotherapeutic activities. Successful introduction of diltiazem and clentiazem for angina pectoris, hypertension, arrhythmias and other related cardiac disorders proved potential of 1,5-benzothiazepine moiety. Subsequently 1,5-benzodiazepines were highlighted as important biologically active scaffolds. Also, discovery of thiazesim and quetiapine fumarate as psychotropic agents attracted much attention worldwide. The current review article focuses on pharmacological profile associated with 1,5-benzodiazepines. This article mainly covers structural modifications done for various targets along with the brief description of the targets.

Synthesis, anti-tubercular activity and 3D-QSAR study of coumarin-4-acetic acid benzylidene hydrazides

A set of 25 coumarin-4-acetic acid benzylidene hydrazides were synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were evaluated for their anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv strain using the BACTEC 460 system to determine percentage inhibition. To understand the relationship between structure and activity, a 3D-QSAR analysis has been carried out by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA). Several statistically significant CoMFA models were generated. The CoMFA model generated with database alignment was the best in terms of overall statistics. The CoMFA contours provide a good insight into the structure activity relationships of the compounds reported herein.

Synthesis, in vitro antitubercular activity and 3D-QSAR study of 1,4-dihydropyridines

In continuation of our research program on new antitubercular agents, this article is a report of the synthesis of 97 various symmetrical, unsymmetrical, and N-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines. The synthesized molecules were tested for their activity against M. tuberculosisH37Rv strain with rifampin as the standard drug. The percentage inhibition was found in the range 3–93%. In an effort to understand the relationship between structure and activity, 3D-QSAR studies were also carried out on a subset that is representative of the molecules synthesized. For the generation of the QSAR models, a training set of 35 diverse molecules representing the synthesized molecules was utilized. The molecules were aligned using the atom-fit technique. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models generated on the molecules aligned by the atom-fit method show a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.98 and 0.95 with cross-validated r2(q2) of 0.56 and 0.62, respectively. The 3D-QSAR models were externally validated against a test set of 19 molecules (aligned previously with the training set) for which the predictive

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-styrylcoumarin derivatives as inhibitors of TNF-α and IL-6 with anti-tubercular activity

{r^{2} (r^{2}_{\rm pred})}

Synthesis of 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-3-methylene-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one derivatives and in vitro anticancer evaluation against SW620 colon cancer cell line

is recorded as 0.74 and 0.69 for the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively. The models were checked for chance correlation through y-scrambling. The QSAR models revealed the importance of the conformational flexibility of the substituents in antitubercular activity.

Erratum to: Syntheses and in vitro biological screening of 1-aryl-10 H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3′,4′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indoles

The resurgence of tuberculosis and the emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains of Mycobacteria necessitate the search for new classes of antimycobacterial agents. We have synthesized a small library of 50 analogues of 4‐(arylamino)coumarins with various aromatic amines at the C4‐ position of the coumarin scaffold. The compounds were evaluated for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with rifampicin as the standard. Of the molecules synthesized, compound 9 was found to be most potent with a minimum inhibitory concentration >6.25 μg/mL for 100% inhibition. In an effort to develop new and more effective molecules in this series, the relationship between structure and activity was investigated by comparative molecular field analysis. Various models were generated using comparative molecular field analysis alone and comparative molecular field analysis plus a hydropathy field (HINT). In all, eight models were generated with atom‐fit and field‐fit alignment strategies. The comparative molecular field analysis models (Models 3a and 4a) based on field‐fit alignment were the best with statistically good correlation coefficients (r2) and cross‐validated q2. The values of r2pred for the validation set were 0.469 and 0.516. Based on the comparative molecular field analysis contours, some insights into the structure–activity relationship of the compounds could be gained.

Improved and rapid synthesis of new coumarinyl chalcone derivatives and their antiviral activity

A series of 4-styrylcoumarin have been synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation between substituted 4-methylcoumarin-3-carbonitrile and different heterocyclic or aromatic aldehydes. 4-Methylcoumarin-3-carbonitrile has been synthesized by the base catalyzed reaction between substituted 2-hydroxyacetophenone and ethyl cyanoacetate. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by (1)H NMR, IR and mass spectral analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity (against TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-tubercular activity. Compounds 6a, 6h and 6j exhibited promising activity against IL-6 with 72-87% inhibition and compound 6v showed potent activity against TNF-α with 73% inhibition at 10 μM concentration. Whereas compounds 6n, 6o, 6r and 6u showed very good anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain at <6.25 μM.

DBU‐catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis: Facile Access of 4,5,6,9‐Tetrahydro‐pyrido[3,2‐c]quinolines

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into 21st century. In continuation with our anti‐tuberculosis research programme, in this work, we have prepared molecularly diverse coumarins clubbed with benzothiazepines as well as its aza‐analogues‐benzodiazepines by molecular hybridization. The resulting compounds were screened for their M. tuberculosis activity against H37Rv strains using microplate alamar blue assay. Among the designed diversity, the compounds 5k, 5n and 5o were found significantly active in primary anti‐tuberculosis assay at minimum inhibitory concentration <6.25 μm. Moreover, the IC50 values of 5k and 5o in level‐2 screening were observed as >10 μg/mL and 3.63 μg/mL, respectively. Design and synthesis of more focused library and its three‐dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship analysis are underway.