Kumpanart Soontornvipart

Acemannan sponges stimulate alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration in a canine class II furcation defect model

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is a common infectious disease, found worldwide, causing the destruction of the periodontium. The periodontium is a complex structure composed of both soft and hard tissues, thus an agent applied to regenerate the periodontium must be able to stimulate periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, stimulated both soft and hard tissue healing. This study investigated effect of acemannan as a bioactive molecule and scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary human periodontal ligament cells were treated with acemannan in vitro. New DNA synthesis, expression of growth/differentiation factor 5 and runt-related transcription factor 2, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized nodule formation were determined using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, biochemical assay and alizarin red staining, respectively. In our in vivo study, premolar class II furcation defects were made in four mongrel dogs. Acemannan sponges were applied into the defects. Untreated defects were used as a negative control group. The amount of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation were evaluated 30 and 60 d after the operation. RESULTS Acemannan significantly increased periodontal ligament cell proliferation, upregulation of growth/differentiation factor 5, runt-related transcription factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition as compared with the untreated control group in vitro. Moreover, acemannan significantly accelerated new alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation in class II furcation defects. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that acemannan could be a candidate biomolecule for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Treatment of Peri-Implant Defects in the Rabbit's Tibia with Adipose or Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stems Cells.

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment in conjunction with bone graft materials or space filler can be an alternative to autogenous bone grafts in the treatment of peri-implant bone defects. PURPOSE To evaluate the success of bone regeneration capacity of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived MSCs for the treatment of peri-implant bone defects when applied with a beta-tricalcium phosphate/collagen-based scaffold. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty implants were placed into the tibiae of 10 rabbits bilaterally. Surgical defects created around the implants were treated with one the following treatment modalities: 1) adipose-derived MSC transplanted scaffold + collagen membrane; 2) bone marrow-derived MSC transplanted scaffold + collagen membrane; 3) autogenous bone + collagen membrane; and 4) collagen membrane only. The bone regeneration capacity of each technique was determined by histomorphometry, micro-CT, and measuring the implant stability by resonance frequency analysis. RESULTS One limb of one rabbit was excluded because of fracture, and another limb was excluded because of infection. All parameters on 36 implants revealed that both sources of MSC can form equivalently new bone that is comparable with autogenous bone. The defects treated with membrane only had significantly less bone formation compared with other groups. CONCLUSION Both adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived MSC treatments are feasible alternatives to autogenous bone grafts in the treatment of peri-implant osseos defects.

Stimulation of Dentin Regeneration by Using Acemannan in Teeth with Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulp Inflammation

Introduction: This study investigated the effects of acemannan, a polysaccharide from Aloe vera, on human deciduous pulp cells in vitro and the response after vital pulp therapy in dog deciduous teeth. Methods: Human primary dental pulpal cells were treated with acemannan in vitro and evaluated for proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2), BMP‐4, vascular endothelial growth factor, and dentin sialoprotein expression and mineralization. Osteogenesis‐related gene expression was analyzed by complementary DNA microarray. Pulpal inflammation was induced in dog teeth for 14 days. The inflamed pulp was removed, retaining the healthy pulp. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: acemannan, mineral trioxide aggregate, and formocresol. Sixty days later, the teeth were extracted and evaluated histopathologically. Results: Acemannan significantly increased pulp cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, BMP‐2, BMP‐4, vascular endothelial growth factor, and dentin sialoprotein expression and mineralization approximately 1.4‐, 1.6‐, 1.6‐, 5.5‐, 2.6‐, 3.8‐, 1.8‐, and 4.8‐fold, respectively, compared with control. In vivo, partial pulpotomy treatment using acemannan generated outcomes similar to mineral trioxide aggregate treatment, resulting in mineralized bridge formation with normal pulp tissue without inflammation or pulp necrosis. In contrast, the formocresol group demonstrated pulp inflammation without mineralized bridge formation. Conclusions: Acemannan is biocompatible with the dental pulp. Furthermore, acemannan stimulated dentin regeneration in teeth with reversible pulpitis.

Dystroglycan 1: A new candidate gene for patellar luxation in Chihuahua dogs

Aim: The objective of this study was to uncover new candidate genes related to patellar luxation (PL) in dogs to select for those with low susceptibility for breeding purposes. Materials and Methods: The inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was performed to construct DNA fingerprints of 61 Chihuahua dogs with PL and 30 healthy Chihuahua dogs. DNA polymorphisms were detected by comparing the sequences between the affected and unaffected dogs, using the pairwise alignments in MultAlin. Genotyping was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR). The association analysis of ISSR DNA fingerprints and genotypes or phenotypes was performed using the Chi-square (χ2) model and generalized linear model (GLM), respectively. Results: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely SNP1UBC811 (g.91175C>G) and SNP2UBC811 (g.92259T>C), were found in the intron of the Dystroglycan 1 (DAG1) gene, which was obtained using the PL-related marker UBC811 primer (p=0.02), and genotyped by AS-PCR. When investigated using the GLM, g.91175C>G had a significant association with PL (p=0.0424), whereas g.92259T>C did not have such an association (p=0.0959). Conclusion: DAG1 might be one of the genes related to PL in Chihuahuas and could aid the process of marker-assisted selection in genetic breeding for Chihuahua dogs without PL.

Response to comments on “Effects of different omega-3 sources, fish oil, krill oil, and green-lipped mussel, against cytokine-mediated canine cartilage degradation”—In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2017 doi: 10.1007/s11626-016-0125-y

We thank you for forwarding the comments by Stephen P.Myers andChris J. Oliver regarding ourmanuscript BEffects of different omega-3 sources, fish oil, krill oil, and green-lipped mussel, against cytokine-mediated canine cartilage degradation.^ First of all, the green-lipped mussel (GLM) has been studied extensively for clinical osteoarthritis therapy in in vivo trials (Mongkon and Soontornvipart 2012; Zawadzki et al. 2013; Soontornvipart et al., 2015; Kwananocha et al. 2016). These studies demonstrated that GLM (PCSO-524TM) possesses potent substances with clinical effectiveness, such as decreasing pain and/or discomfort. Moreover, PCSO-524TM provided a statistically significant improvement in osteoarthritis (OA) patients compared with OA patients treated with fish oil (Zawadzki et al. 2013). By our protocol used, the concentration of GLMwas given in accordance with 50 mg of GLM labeled on the Antinol® capsules; therefore, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL of the GLM concentration represented the actual amount of GLM oil (Buddhachat et al. 2017). Furthermore, the composition of Antinol® consists of GLM and olive oil in a ratio of 1:2 (50:100 mg/capsule). Since olive oil is a major constituent of the product, the effect of GLM in this paper must be changed to the effect of an admixture of GLM and olive oil (AGO). Several studies (Musumeci et al. 2013; Rosillo et al. 2014; Szychlinska et al. 2014; Mével et al. 2016) have revealed that olive oil contains bioactive ingredients that have a beneficial effect for joint therapy through increasing the expression of lubricin and decreasing the production of prostaglandin E2, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1ß). From our findings, three omega-3 sources (fish oil, krill oil, and AGO) exhibited a possible mechanism for preventing the inflammation of chondrocytes from interleukin-1β (Buddhachat et al. 2017). All of them possess the properties of cartilage-degradation prevention, but AGO seemed to be less effective in this regard compared with the others. AGO also showed a protective effect in attenuating TNF-α and MMP-1, -3, and -13 (Buddhachat et al. 2017). In addition, both olive oil and GLM exhibited a suppressive effect on proinflammatory mediators such as COX, PGE, and IL-1ß (Musumeci et al. 2013; Rosillo et al. 2014; Szychlinska et al. 2014; Kongwut et al. 2015; Mével et al. 2016). Likely, the dominant effect of AGO in osteoarthritis therapy is to help relieve pain and inflammation. * Korakot Nganvongpanit korakot.n@cmu.ac.th