Kunio Shiomi

Relations of pain threshold and pain tolerance in cold water with scores on Maudsley Personality Inventory and Manifest Anxiety Scale.

Testing 56 Japanese undergraduates, the relationships between pain threshold and pain tolerance in cold water and personality factors were investigated. Significant negative correlations of moderate magnitude between the pain threshold and scores on Maudsley Neuroticism and the Manifest Anxiety Scale were found. On the contrary, significant positive, moderate correlations between pain tolerance and the Maudsley Extraversion were obtained.

DEVELOPING A SCALE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR ADOLESCENTS

This study developed a scale of self-efficacy in personal relationships for adolescents and examined its reliability and the validity. The 40 items assessing tendencies theoretically linked to self-efficacy in personal relationships were administered to 344 junior and high school students. 207 high school students also were administered the Shimoda Personality Inventory. Three factors (Self-confidence in Personal Relationship, Trust in Friends, and Trust by Friends) were extracted by principal components analysis. The coefficient alpha reliabilities of these subscales were .90, .89, and .87. The validity was supported by correlations between the Total score of self-efficacy and the SPI subscales of Autistic trait –.53, Nervous Character trait –.13, Self-uncertain trait –.39, and Syntonic trait .57.

Threshold and reaction time to noxious stimulation: their relations with scores on Manifest Anxiety Scale and Maudsley Personality Inventory.

With 20 male Japanese undergraduates relationships between electric shock threshold and reaction time to electric shock with 10 v and personality factors were investigated. Significant product-moment correlations of —.79 and —.69 between response to noxious stimulation and Manifest Anxiety and Maudsley Neuroticism scores were found.

Shyness in Self-Disclosure Mediated by Social Skill

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Shyness and Social Skills on Self-disclosure. Three scales, the Trait Shyness Scale, the Scale of Social Skill, and the Self-disclosure Questionnaire were administered to 443 university students. Scores on Shyness were highly negatively correlated with those on Social Skills and moderately negatively correlated with Self-disclosure. Furthermore, Self-disclosure scores correlated positively with Social Skills. Separate factor analyses of the Shyness and Social Skills scales yielded four and two factors, respectively. Findings suggest that shy people may have low interpersonal skills and thus, they may hesitate to engage in self-disclosure.

ASSOCIATIONS OF SELF-REGULATION WITH PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SELF-EFFICACY IN JAPANESE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

This study was conducted to investigate the associations of scores on four self-regulation subscales identified by Nakata and Shiomi in 1998 with those on personality traits measured on the Shimoda Personality Inventory and self-efficacy with 123 Japanese elementary school children. Scores on the self-regulation subscales had significant positive correlations with scores on immodithymic and syntonic traits, and significant negative correlations with scores on schizothymic, nervous, and uncertain trts Correlations with self-efficacy were also positive and significant. From these results higher scorers on self-regulation may have more positive personality traits and higher self-efficacy scores.

CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-REGULATION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR JAPANESE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

The purpose of this investigation was to identify factors of self-regulation in 1307 Japanese elementary school children from Grades 3 to 6 and to develop a questionnaire for assessment. Factor analyses gave four factors on self-regulation named Permissiveness, Self-disclosure, Decision Making, and Uniqueness. Correlations among factors showed differences based on grade and sex. The interactions among factors were discussed.

STRUCTURES OF SELF-REGULATION IN JAPANESE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN '

This investigation was done to clarify the developmental characteristics and sex differences in self-regulation among Japanese preschool children. Subjects were 2038 children of age 4 to 6 years from kindergartens and nursery schools. There were 1016 boys and 1022 girls A questionnaire of 40 items was completed with assistance of the childrens fathers or mothers. Analysis showed there were significant differences in self-regulation and altruism between boys and girls and that scores on self-assertion were greater across the age groups.

Differences in reaction times of extraverts and introverts to Rapaport's Word Association Test.

For 40 Japanese undergraduates reaction times to the Rapa-port Word Association Test were recorded. Significant negative correlations were obtained between reaction times and Extraversion scores on the Maudsley Personality Inventory, but positive correlations with Neuroticism scores were obtained. These results were discussed in terms of the defense mechanisms of the ego and differences in types of personality.

Differences in Decision Time between Extraverts and Introverts under the “Task-Oriented Situation” and the “Ego-Oriented Situation”

The individual differences in decision time for conflict situations were investigated chiefly in the contexts of extraversion and introversion measured by the Maudsley Personality Inventory and the Social Extraversion scores of Yatabe-Guilford Personality Inventory. Under “task-oriented instruction” introverts decided faster than extraverts but with “ego-oriented instruction” extraverts decided faster than introverts. These results were discussed in terms of personality traits of introverts and extraverts.

CORRELATIONS OF HOPELESSNESS WITH MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG JAPANESE SCHOOL CHILDREN

Correlations for 628 children in Grades 2, 4, 5, and 6 of scores on hopelessness with measures of motivation for learning and personality traits were investigated. Hopelessness scores significantly correlated with lower scores on motivation. Also, hopelessness scores were significantly correlated with scores on personality traits of schizothymia, nervousness, and self-uncertainty.