Kuntal Rao

Leiomyoma of the female urethra — a clinical curiosity

A case of leiomyoma of the female urethra is reported. The patient, a perimenopausal, multiparous woman presented with a gradually enlarging mass per vagina for the past 6 months. A provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of skenes duct or vaginal leiomyoma was entertained and an excisional biopsy performed. To our surprise, histopathological examination revealed an urethral cellular leiomyoma.

Doppler waveform patterns of the umbilical artery : screening test for high risk pregnancies

Doppler assessment of umbilical artery waveforms using the peak systolic to end diastolic (S/D) ratio was used to determine if complications associated with impaired trophoblastic invasion of placental bed (i.e. pregnancy induced hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation) could be predicted. Values for S/D ratio of at least 4, 3.5 and 3 at 22–26, 30–32 and ≥ 37 weeks gestation, respectively, were found to be better predictors of such complications. Pregnancy‐induced hypertension could be predicted in 63% and growth retardation in 60% cases at 22–26 weeks of gestation.

Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation with massive vaginal bleeding

Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation is an uncommon entity. Lack of specific signs and symptoms make a diagnosis difficult. Presented is a case who presented with severe vaginal bleeding due to arteriovenous malformation between right external iliac and internal pudendal artery requiring embolisation. If the vaginal is pulsatile or if the woman has persistant vaginal bleeding without an obvious cause, possibility of pelvic arteriovenous malformation should be borne in mind.