Kyeonghwa Byun

Spatial Transformation and Functions of Bulteok as Space for Haenyeo on Jeju Island, Korea

Abstrct Bulteok is a unique outdoor stone structure used by haenyeo – female divers who harvest marine products – and is representative of the haenyeo culture on Jeju Island, Korea. This study aims at examining the structure, form, function, and spatial transformation of bulteok on Jeju Island. Through historical records, literature reviews, and field surveys, this study has identified their structure, form and materials. The study analyzes their function and spatial characteristics through field surveys and measurement, interviews with 12 haenyeo, and observation of their behavior at bulteok on Udo Island, Jeju Province. The original bulteok are open-air structures with no roof, but new buildings for haenyeo have been constructed as replacements for those spaces. Old bulteok were mostly built in the form of a rectangle or a circle by piling up stones found on the coast. The materials of the bulteok researched are categorized into four types based on the wall enclosing the fire space: natural rock-hole, stone only, stone and cement, and stone and brick. Bulteok function as spaces for community life, changing of clothes by haenyeo, protection from weather, work activities, and training.

A Study on Space Planning of Accommodations for Experiential Activities by Remodeling Closed Schools

This study aims to analyze space planning of accommodations in seven closed schools involved in experiential activity programs on Jeju Island, a famous tourist destination in Korea. The results are as follows. First, 35 schools had been closed down in Jeju between 1982 and 2015. Among them, four closed schools were sold, three are currently used by the Jeju special self-government provincial office of education, and 25 are being leased by individuals, village organizations, and other entities. However, they have not been well-operated, and so strategies for the effective management or operation of these closed schools should be developed. Second, there are distinctive differences in space planning of accommodations based on the correlation between experiential activities and the types of participants. If the experiential activity participants are mainly individuals or small groups, the closed school is likely to plan double-bed accommodations and individual bathrooms rather than large group rooms. Third, in order to operate experiential activity programs, closed schools require four different spaces for experiential activities, lodging, dining, and sanitation. The largest space available in each school building is used for experiential activities, and original classrooms are still in use. According to the standard drawing of school architecture, standard classroom size since 1997 has been 7.5×9 meters, and lodging rooms have mainly been re-planned based on the module of the standard-sized classroom. School cafeterias are utilized as dinning and kitchen spaces. For sanitation purposes, original school restrooms are still used by experiential program participants, while the shower rooms are newly equipped.

Characteristics of Ibasho by The Elderly in Exterior Space of Housing Complex - Focusing on Toyoshikidai Housing Complex in Kashiwa city of Chiba Prefecture, Japan -

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exterior spaces used by the elderly of housing complex. The exterior spaces are used for going out in everyday life with the view point that the elderly have to go out from the inside home in order to prevent isolating the elderly from local community. For that Toyoshikidai housing complex in Kashiwa city of Chiba prefecture, Japan is selected and carried out questionnaire survey and field survey targeting residents. The results are following as. For spatial characteristics, the location installed benches, location occupied in one part by roof, wall, or plants, place connecting to moving flow of the aged, and an open expanse getting safety from vehicle are taken advantages for the elderly. For using benches, the elderly of 70.1% do not have experience using benches installed in all those places. The the biggest reason is that they are not tired. However, 36.8% of the elderly are using benches in order to take a rest and 20.8% of them are using benches in order to talk with the other people. Bench is ibasho of the elderly.

Approach Characteristics and Status of Exhibition-culture Facilities in Gangneung

The purpose of this study is to analyze the approach characteristics, relation to other facilities, and current status focusing on 28 total of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung. The results are following as. First, 19 facilities are located in urban area and nine are located in country side. With locational characteristics of Gangneung which is mountains in west and sea to east, three are located in high hill side and four are in sea shore among nine facilities. Facilities in urban area converge to Gungpodae and Ojukhuk which are symbol space in Gangneung. Those facilities started to have been increased from 1990s and rapidly increased from 2000s. The reason is that people have been interested in culture and art in society in general. In building structure, buildings related with traditional contents were constructed with wooden structure while buildings have been mainly constructed with modern ways such as steel and reinforced concrete structure. Second, the 28 facilities are classified into three types by function of other space or facilities within same a site or a building. The three types are themselves usage only, multi-function, and park type. The multi-function type is re-classified into two; public type and commercial type. Those functions have changed according to changes of society and times. Finally, for approaching to the exhibition-culture facilities with general transportation, the mean distance from the closest bus stop to those facilities each is 280m and 27 facilities are located within 670m from the closest bus stop. For approaching way using by car creates movement along road-building site-parking space-main entrance of building. When based on main entrance by the movement, parking space located in front side of main entrance is the largest, next is in the side, and the least is in back side. Various factors such as approaching form from road to parking space and space size between main entrance and parking space influence to approaching ways of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung.

Spatial Transition of Existing Old Settlements in Downtown Cheongju, Korea

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial structure and its transitional process by focusing on 22 existing old settlements established before 1913 in downtown Cheongju, Korea. The results are as follows: First, the old settlements are classified into four types relating to their topographic features: the Sanrok and Gogae Types are located on hills and the Daegok and Sogok Types are located in valleys. Second, in traditional Korean villages, a road system is composed of outer roads, approach roads, inner roads, and side roads having different functions. An inner road among them is the most important element in spatial structure as the basic framework of the road system inside villages. Third, the preservation or division of settlements has been influenced by the transformation of inner roads during the urbanization process. When spatial structures of inner roads have been maintained, old settlements have tended to be preserved. In addition, when new roads have been built to pass near communal spaces, old settlements have been preserved in spite of the lack of connection to old inner roads. Fourth, the functions of communal spaces have been influenced by the changing of society over time. Some functions have been changed, lost, or have suffered reduction in importance due to changes in modern lifestyles, but the personality of communal space is lasting. Finally, when the characteristics of the old settlement and functions of old roads have been preserved, housing layout has had a tendency to follow the original orientation, courtyard location, gate location, and access route as can be seen in Topdong Yangdalmal.

The Awareness of Tradition and Environmentally Friendly Elements in Traditional Villages near the Center of Gangneung, Korea

Abstract The purpose of this study is to look into the awareness and environmentally friendly elements reflected in traditional villages in Gangneung, Korea. This study was conducted through a field study on traditional villages as well as interviews and questionnaire with experts in urban architecture and with village residents. The environmentally friendly elements of traditional villages are classified into the traditional environment, building environment, street environment and living environment. Among them, the traditional environment itself is considered as an element favorable to the ecological environment. The villages on the outskirts of the city center show ecologically damaging features, since land prices there are relatively low and the number of warehouses is growing due to their proximity to the city center. As the street environment tends to be evaluated from a public viewpoint, it is viewed as ecologically detrimental when it is not properly managed or harmonized, regardless of its being natural or traditional. The most serious problem in the living environment is waste disposal. Based on the village residents′ perception of modernity, the residents of Yeochan-ri, where neighboring welfare facilities are focused, value conservation more than development, while their counterparts in Unjeong-dong, which has various tourist attractions, opt for development. Furthermore, the residents who realize their villages are friendly to the environment are trying to address the problem of waste disposal in a relatively greener way.

A Study on Establishments and Characteristics of Spiritual Spaces in a Traditional Village of Gapa Island, Jejudo

This study aims to identify the establishment and characteristics of spiritual space in a traditional village of island focusing on Gapa Island, Jejudo. The spiritual space in this study are described as religious, emotional and psychological spaces which residents of Gapa Island have customarily something in common. The study employed the qualitative research method by interviewing island residents and field survey about those spaces. The study identified twelve spiritual spaces on Gapa Island which is categorized into four groups; village faith spaces, in other words, Shamanism spaces, general religious facilities, cemetery, and taboo spaces. These spaces were considered as an important islanders spiritual spaces which were built at the same time when the village had been established and was extended. Since these spiritual spaces were built by islanders, they have continuously changed according to the growth of village and new culture from the outside. spiritual spaces settled from the community point of view are using up to the present. Three spiritual spaces of altar, Halmang-Dang of Sangdong and Hadong are essential in religious, emotional and psychological functions of village residents because those three spaces have settled as village faith. In regards to the arrangement of spiritual spaces, the village was divided into East and West areas according to the inner road that connects Sangdong port and Handong port. The alter and cemetery were arranged to the quiet places of the island, East side which was difficult to catch fish due to high wave and the death of water. However, the west side of island which woman divers were able to catch seafood was characterized as active and living area.

Factor of Tourism Attraction and Tourism Satisfaction in Jeju Island - Focused on Tourist -

This study aims to examine factor of tourism attraction and tourism satisfaction in order to product plan of tourism policies related to architecture and urban design focused on Marado, Jeju Island. For that, a questionnaire is conducted by tourists who visit to Marado. The results are as follows. 30s and 40s tourists evaluate that Marado is more attractive in natural environment rather than 60s. Tourists who visit more than four times to Marado evaluated low in satisfaction for landscape of Marado but tourists who reside in other area not Jeju evaluate higher in satisfaction for landscape. The difference of residence areas shows same result in tourism attraction factors. Tourists participating in tour activities show higher in satisfaction rather than no-participants but the difference between participants and no-participants is not showed in tourism attraction factors. Tourism attraction is extracted four factors; natural environment, architectural environment, economic efficiency and psychological factor. The factors of natural environment and architectural environment have the relation with satisfaction but the factors of economic efficiency and psychology do not show no relation with satisfaction.

The Layout Pattern of New Houses in the Existing Old Settlements in Cheongju Urban Area - with Case Study on Topdong `Yangdalmal` -

The purpose of this study is to examine if orientation, location of entrance, court yard of existing old houses are consistently maintained when houses are newly built fitting the changed lots system, and the changed road system for Topdong `Yangdalmal` in the existing old settlements in old center Cheongju. The lots was spilt up into 15 lots in 1913, 38 lots in 1968, and 75 lots in 2010. Among them, The lots maintained are 19 lots and the lots subdivided are 56 lots. 12 houses are newly built among the 19 shape-maintained lots and 41 houses are newly built among the 56 split up lots. Most of the new houses have south-facing orientation. Main entrance near the old road keeps the direction of the previous entry. Houses built in 1970s and 1980s keep their original court yards but they are disappearing year by year by new type of houses in 1990s.