Kyoko Osaka

Estimating emotion changes using electroencephalographic activities and its clinical application

In the care, the communication based empathetic understanding is important. We have examined how to grasp empathetic understanding. We presume that the measurement of electroencephalographic (EEG) changes, those activities that are considered physiological indicators, enables an objective understanding of changes in emotions of those who have difficulty in expressing these through facial expression or physical action. Generally, EEG is used in the hospital to examine encephalopathy and brain disorder. Using an electroencephalograph device to acquire digital data we propose a method to objectively capture changes in the recognition state of people from changes in EEG activities (action potential), and a way to apply it into a clinical situation.

Outcome management and morphologic variance analysis using psychoms TM for patient care in psychiatric hospitals

In 2003, the Japanese government set an approximate goal of 72,000 social hospitalization in-patients being discharged in 10 years from psychiatric hospitals to the community. To meet this challenge, the clinical pathway (CP) is a useful model for managing the teams progress in providing health care services. High quality discharge planning for patients requires continuous refinement of CP including the collection and analysis of variance data, i.e., information not listed in the CP model. The purpose of this study is to analyze variance data gathered using PsychomsTM to find unidentified issues with keyword sorting (keyword variance analyses system) and text-mining (text mining variance analyses system). Using morphological analysis to detect word occurrences in variance data, it may be possible to identify problems needing solution by developing automatic rankings to analysis outcomes. To achieve this, however, specialized experience is required for variance analysis. Also, there must be high congruence between the results of text mining variance analyses and keyword variance analyses systems.

PSYCHOMS®, An electronic nursing management system to facilitate interdisciplinary communication and improve patient outcomes in psychiatric hospitals

The purpose of this article is to introduce PSYCHOMS® (Psychiatric Outcome Management System, registered trademark, Tanioka et al.), an electronic nursing management system to facilitate interdisciplinary communication and improve patient outcomes in psychiatric hospitals and report on the agenda for commercialization of the PSYCHOMS® system. Our team has been developing the PSYCHOMS® system since 2006. This system has four major components: (1) Clinical pathway and variance analysis system, (2) Nursing manager and staffs daily recording system, (3) nursing care planning system, and (4) nursing management support system. Any interdisciplinary team member using this system can access the patients information. Therefore, each interdisciplinary team members expertise can be maximally utilized to achieve improved patient outcomes. It was necessary to conduct a survey on what standard items were common in different hospitals to allow for the development of PSYCHOMS®s data base. In order to improve psychiatric care, it is necessary to develop a database that shares common language with all psychiatric hospitals. This manuscript reports on the functions and agenda for the PSYCHOMS® system.

Humanoid Nurse Robots as Caring Entities: A Revolutionary Probability?

The probability that humanoid nurse robots (HNRs) can be caring seems plausible. The question explored by this article is: what are humanoid nurse robots manifesting when they become more functionally advanced and human-like? Its discussion is grounded in several foundational philosophical and theoretical viewpoints such as Plato’s focus on “soul,” Rogers’ emphasis on human energy fields, Boykin and Schoenhofer’s assumption of persons as caring because of their humanness, and the prescriptive or predictive practice of nursing. Imploring logical explanations, the possibility of humanoid robots manifesting caring seems to become more likely. In future developments, to what end will HNRs be functional and able to manifest caring regardless of their human-likeness?

Comparative Examination between the Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) and the Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument (TCCNI)

Background: Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing Instrument (TCCNI) was developed by Rozzano Locsin (2013) to determine the expression of “technological competency” as caring in nursing among practicing nurses. While the TCCNI was translated into other languages, no instrument measuring the ‘technological competency as caring in nursing’ among Japanese nurses was developed and tested. Considering culture and social background influencing measurement of the phenomena, Kato et al. (2016) re-envisioned the TCCNI to focus on caring behaviors of nurses in acute care settings. The Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency of Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) was developed. Aim: The aim of this study is to perform comparative examination between the PITCCN and the TCCNI. Methods: The authors developed the Japanese version of the TCCNI from its original instrument subjecting this to reverse translation using a professional English-to-Japanese-to-English translator who clearly confirmed the accuracy of the translations. In this study, the contents of the item configurations were analyzed and discussed regarding instruments, and the summary of the similarities and differences among researchers who had been involved in the research of caring. The difference between the item configuration of PITCCN and TCCNI was clearly illustrated by a comparative table, and in the case where there was no corresponding item, it was left blank. Results: The commonality between the TCCNI and PITCCN was the holistic focus on patients using information obtained through technologies. Different question items were included to provide highquality outcomes for the PITCCN. Conclusion: Considered useful in order to perform high quality practice in using technology, and to provide high quality nursing. Measured Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing might be able to utilizing for in-service education of hospitals or formalized education in nursing universities.

Recognition and Status of Practicing Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing by Nurses in ICU

Aim: The purpose of this study was to survey how nurses who work in Intensive Care Units in Japan, realize and practice nursing based on the theory of Technological Competency of Caring in Nursing (TCCN). Methods: The survey was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016 by questionnaire entitled, “Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN).” It was developed based on Locsin’s middle range theory on Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing. Copies of the Inventory were sent by mail to 426 ICU nurses working in hospitals within Japan. Three hundred eight questionnaire copies without missing values were returned (response rate was 72%). Results: (1) The scores about the practice situations of TCCN were significantly lower than those concerning the recognition of TCCN. Although ICU nurses recognized the need for TCCN, they thought that they had not practiced it enough. (2) In comparing the group having the education about caring and the group without the education, the scores concerning recognition of TCCN was significantly higher in educated group. However, no significant difference was found in the practice situation. (3) In comparing the variables “experience years of clinical nursing,” although this did not have a significant difference in the variable “recognition of TCCN.” However, the scores of the practice situation of TCCN was significantly higher compared between the group with 10 or more years of clinical experience than the group with less than 10 years’ experience. (4) In comparing years of experience, ICU nurses’ the scores concerning recognition of TCCN who had practice experience of 10 or more years was significantly higher than the group having less than fiveyears’ experience. Conclusion: By measuring nurses’ practical situation of TCCN, this focus will be to deliver high quality nursing through continuing professional education.

Empathetic Understanding as Caring in Nursing Using Electroencephalographic Data as Evidence

Technological competency is an expression of caring in nursing. Nurses need to understand patients’ emotions and understand patients’ worlds as if these were their own. This is “empathic understanding.” Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were performed on five healthy participants while viewing an emotionally charged “sentimental” movie. EEG changes were collected and compared with data during a less emotionally charged situation. Apower map and spectrogram analyses of EEGs showed that alpha bands at the occipital region were specifically pronounced during the emotionally charged state. This study suggests that expressions of empathic understanding exists and are evidenced by EEG data, and that technological competency as caring in nursing is an expression of caring in nursing.