Kyoko Shimada

Work engagement versus workaholism: a test of the spillover-crossover model

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how two different types of heavy work investment – work engagement and workaholism – are related to family satisfaction as reported by employees and their intimate partner. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 398 Japanese couples completed self-reported questionnaires including the model variables. One year later, participants reported again on their family satisfaction. Structural equation modelling analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Findings – As hypothesized, work engagement was positively related to work-family facilitation, which, in turn, predicted own and partners family satisfaction, also one year later. In contrast, workaholism showed a positive relationship with work-family conflict, and had an indirect negative effect on own and partners family satisfaction. The structural relationships between the variables from husbands to wives were similar to those from wives to husbands. Research limitations/implications – The use of a non-exp...

Work-family spillover among Japanese dual-earner couples: a large community-based study

Work‐family Spillover among Japanese Dual‐earner Couples: A Large Community‐based Study: Kyoko Shimada, et al. The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Mental Health

Work-to-family Conflict and Family-to-work Conflict among Japanese Dual-earner Couples with Preschool Children: A Spillover-Crossover Perspective

Work‐to‐family Conflict and Family‐towork Conflict among Japanese Dual‐earner Couples with Preschool Children: A Spillover‐Crossover Perspective: Akihito SHIMAZU, et al. Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Japan—

Work-self balance: A longitudinal study on the effects of job demands and resources on personal functioning in Japanese working parents

Abstract In work-family research the effects on the individual, or the “self”, in terms of personal interests independent of the work and family domains, have been largely neglected. This longitudinal study on 471 Japanese employees with young children investigated how job demands and job resources may have an impact on well-being by facilitating or hindering personal functioning. It was hypothesized that workload would have an unfavourable impact on work-to-self conflict, while supervisor support would have a favourable impact on work-to-self facilitation. In addition, we hypothesized that work–self conflict would diminish well-being (psychological distress and happiness), while work–self facilitation would enhance well-being over time. Structural equation modelling analyses using a full panel design showed that work overload was positively related to work–self conflict over time, whereas supervisor support was positively related to work–self facilitation. Furthermore, work–self conflict predicted psychological distress and happiness at T2, one year later, after controlling for T1 levels. These findings suggest that the demands and resources encountered at work can spill over to the home domain and have an impact on personal functioning and context-free well-being. Further research is needed to determine the importance of work-self constructs in relation to work-family constructs.

Association between Parental Workaholism and Body Mass Index of Offspring: A Prospective Study among Japanese Dual Workers

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between parental workaholism and child body mass index (BMI) among Japanese dual-income families. In 2011, 379 dual-income families from urban Tokyo with children aged 0–5 years were recruited for a baseline survey, and 160 (42.2%) were followed up in 2012. Demographics, workaholism, work demands, work control, time spent with children, and parental and child weights and heights were assessed using a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was performed to determine the association between maternal and paternal workaholism in 2011 and child BMI in 2012, considering the mediating effects of time spent with children. Paternal workaholism showed a direct significant positive association with child BMI after 1 year (standardized coefficient: 0.19; p < 0.001), while maternal workaholism was not associated with child BMI. Both maternal and paternal time spent with children did not mediate the association. Paternal work demands showed a strong positive association with workaholism but paternal work control did not. Paternal, but not maternal, workaholism was associated with an increase in child BMI over 1 year. Interventions that target workaholism by reducing paternal work demands might be effective in preventing overweight in offspring.

Effects of web-based stress and depression literacy intervention on improving work engagement among workers with low work engagement: An analysis of secondary outcome of a randomized controlled trial

The purpose of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the effects of a psychoeducational information website on improving work engagement among individual workers with low work engagement, where work engagement was measured as a secondary outcome.

1188 The association between work-family spillover and quality of sleep: a prospective study of japanese workers

Introduction Quality of Sleep has been linked to poor health. While work-family spillover is associated with health problems and impaired work performance of workers, previous findings were inconsistent on, the association between work-family spillover and sleep quality. No study was conducted in non-western countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the prospective association between work-family spillover and sleep quality among Japanese workers. Methods The database used in the study was from a 2 year prospective cohort study. In the baseline survey (T1) in 2011, questionnaires were sent to 1356 workers living in two wards of Tokyo, and 753 (56%) responded, and 489 completed all scales and items used the study. A follow-up survey was conducted in 2013, with 224 (46%) respondents out of the 489 completers at T1; 176 completed all scales. The questionnaire (both T1 and T2) included self-reported instruments of work-family spillover (the Survey Work-home Interaction-NijmeGen, SWING), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), and job stressors (Brief Job Stress Questionnaire, BJSQ), and demographic variables (age, sex, education, marital status, and work styles). Multiple linear regression analysis was employed of PSQI scores on SWING scale scores, adjusting for demographic variables and PSQI score at T1. (SPSS version 22). Results Among the 176 completers, 36% were men; the average age was 39 years old. Work to family negative spillover (beta=0.20) significantly and positively correlated with sleep quality, after adjusting for the demographic variables (p=0.020). No significant association was observed between the other type of spillover (i.e. work to family positive, family to work positive or negative) and sleep quality. (p>0.05). Conclusion This prospective study confirmed the association between work-family negative spillover and sleep quality in a sample of Japanese workers. Work to family negative spillover could be considered a target condition to improve sleep quality of workers.

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Survey Work–Home Interaction – NijmeGen, the SWING (SWING-J)

ABSTRACT This study sought to validate the Japanese version of the Survey Work–Home Interaction – NijmeGen, the SWING, which assesses multi-dimensional work–family interaction by differentiating between the direction and quality of influence. We translated the SWING into the Japanese language, the SWING-J. A back-translation procedure confirmed that the translation was appropriate. A total of 2701 dual-earner parents with preschool children (1193 men and 1508 women) were surveyed. The complete questionnaire included the SWING-J, job and family domain variables, and well-being indicators. The reliability and factorial and convergent validity of the used measures were examined. As the results, four dimensions (i.e. work-to-family negative spillover, family-to-work negative spillover, work-to-family positive spillover and family-to-work positive spillover) were determined by an exploratory factor analysis. A series of confirmatory factor analyses suggested that the hypothesized four-factor model provided a reasonably good fit to the data. Convergent validity was generally supported by the expected correlations of work–family spillovers with the possible predictors and consequences. Cronbachs alpha coefficients of the four subscales of the SWING-J were satisfactory (0.75–0.86). The present study confirmed that the Japanese version of the SWING is an adequate tool to measure positive and negative spillover between working life and family life among Japanese workers.

The impact of job and family demands on partner’s fatigue: A study of Japanese dual-earner parents

Objectives This study of Japanese dual-earner couples examined the impact of family and job demands on one’s own and one’s partner’s fatigue as well as gender differences in these effects. Methods A total of 2,502 parents (1,251 couples) were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. A crossover model was tested using structural equation modeling. Results The results of structural equation modeling analyses showed that both job and family demands independently exacerbated fatigue. There was an indirect effect of job and family demands on partner fatigue through one’s own fatigue only from husbands to wives. An indirect effect of job demands on partner fatigue through partner’s family demands was identified only from wives to husbands. Furthermore, there were gender differences in the crossover of fatigue. Conclusions This study shows that job and family demands influence family circumstances. When considering means to reduce employees’ fatigue, gender differences in the mechanism of fatigue need to be taken into account.

Workplace incivility in Japan: Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale

Although incivility is a common interpersonal mistreatment and associated with poor mental health, there are few studies about it in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the modified Work Incivility Scale (J‐MWIS), investigate its reliability and validity, and reveal the prevalence of incivility among Japanese employees in comparison with data on Canadian employees.