Kyuei Kibe

Stimulation of uric acid production and depression of increase in plasma glutamine concentration by insulin in chickens infused with ammonia

1. A single intraportal injection of insulin remarkably stimulated uric acid production in the chicken infused with ammonium acetate and significantly depressed the increase in plasma glutamine concentration by the infusion of ammonia (P less than 0.01 at 20 min, P less than 0.05 at 40 min after the start of infusion). 2. The increases in ammonia concentration in the blood and kidney during the infusion of ammonia were not affected by the insulin pretreatment. 3. The depressive effect of insulin on the increase in plasma glutamine concentration by ammonia may be due to the acceleration by insulin of incorporation of glutamine into biosynthetic pathway of uric acid in the chicken.

Studies on the volatile components and chemical quality of grass silage

There is little chemical information concerning the volatile odours of silages. This investigation was carried out to investigate the volatile constituents and the chemical quality of two grass-legume silages which were prepared at different cutting stages and therefore having different chemical composition. The ensiling method was essentially the same as that described earlier1).Approximately 2.5kg of each silage was distilled under normal atmospheric pressure, and 10 liters of distillate from each sample was extracted with proper quantity of ether. The ether extracts were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography employing FID.The results obtained were as follows:1. In the silage A extracts, the n-propyl alcohol and/or n-valeraldehyde and n-capron-aldehyde were the major constituents and ethyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol, and methyl-n-propyl ketone and butyl acetate and the unknown components of unidentified peak No. 11 were the minor constituents.2. On the other hand, the distillate from silage B contained appreciable amounts of ethyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol and/or n-valeraldehyde and n butyraldehyde and the unknown constituents of unidentified peak No. 15.3. It was assumed that acetaldehyde and/or propionaldehyde were included in peak No. 1, but they were not separated with ether used for extracting the solvent from the columns employed. Similarly, in peak No. 7 the volatiles were not separated.4. An analytical method for the head space vapor was effective to investigate the constituents of low boiling points.5. The n-butyric and n-caproic acid contents of silage A showed higher values, but in the silage B the contents of acetic and lactic acid were contained in higher values.6. In feeding trials with goats, silage B was more palatable than silage A.

The effects of additives on the quality and nutritive value of packed silage.

種々の添加剤がサイレージの品質ならびにその栄養価値におよぼす影響を調査する目的で本実験を行なった.まず,磨砕した緑飼料に水分調整とカロリー源の補給を目的として,これに生草重の1/3程度のデンプンを加え(試験の一部にはデンプンを使用せず),さらに各種の添加剤を添加混合した上でポリエチレン袋(詰込容量1kgと25kgの2種)に固く詰め,結紮後そのままの状態で,あるいはまた加熱殺菌(70～80°Cの熱水中にて約30分間)処理をほどこした上で3～4週間窒温または恒温(25°C)にて貯蔵した.これらの製品のpH,有機酸含量,アミノ態窒素ならびにアンモニア態窒索含量をそれぞれ測定するとともに,製品の一部については家兎による消化試験ならびに窒素の出納試験を行ない,その栄養価値を比較検討した.その結果はつぎの通りである.種々の添加剤の中でホルマリン,フラゾリドンおよびピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムは,サイレージの醗酵を抑制するのにかなりの効果があつた.しかしながら動物試験の結果からは,ホルマリンならびにフラゾリドンの添加により製品の各成分の消化率ならびに蛋白質の利用性が著しく低下することが明らかとたつた.一方ピロ亜硫酸ナトリウム添加の場合においてはそのような悪影響は全くみられなかつた.なお抗生物質添加の場合もサイレージの醗酵にはほとんど影響をおよぼさないことが推察された.また貯蔵前の加熱処理により有機酸の生成はかなり抑制されたが,蛋白質の消化率にはそれほどの影響はなかつた.ポリエチレン袋による貯蔵は嫌気性保持の上から効果的であるように思われた.

Determination of Feed Digestibility in Poultry Using New Feces-collecting Tubes and the Chromic Oxide Method

指標法(たとえば酸化クロム法)によつてニワトリの飼料の消化率を測定するため,糞尿分離の研究を行なつた.供試動物として単冠白色レグホン雄(8～10ヵ月令)を用いた．糞を尿から分離して採取するため,2種の器具を考案した.直腸糞導管と総排泄腔糞導管がこれである.このうち後者が動物を刺激しない点ですぐれていることを知つた.この器具を用いて糞を分離し,容易に消化試験を行なうことができた.実験Iでは直腸糞導管を使用し,酵化クロムを指標物質として混入した飼料(市販配合飼料)の消化率を求めた(CR法).そして,これを全採集法(TC法)によつて求めた消化率と比較検討した.その結果,両方法による消化率は,粗蛋白質75.0(CR法), 75.1(TC法),粗脂肪88.8, 86.9,粗繊維5.2, 1.0, N. F. E. 73.4, 73.1,固形物64.2, 63.4,有機物70.5, 70.1%となり,両者はよく一致した.実験IIでは,総排泄腔糞導管を使つて,酸化クロム法により配合飼料の消化率を求めた.そして,これに引き続き醍合飼料8割,牧草(ケンタツキー31フエスキユー乾草)2割よりなる牧草混合飼料の消化率を求めた,両者より牧草の消化率を計算した結果,粗蛋白質80.5,粗脂肪62.5,粗繊維47.0, N. F. E. 28.5,固形物29.0,有機物30.0%となつた.これによつて,牧草の蛋白質は,他の或分より非常に高い率でニワトリが消牝することを知つた.