Kyung Mi Sung

Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults

In the near future, the majority of patients with diabetes will be adults aged 65 or older. Unlike young adults with diabetes, elderly diabetic people may be affected by a variety of comorbid conditions such as depression, cognitive impairment, muscle weakness (sarcopenia), falls and fractures, and physical frailty. These geriatric syndromes should be considered in the establishment of treatment goals in older adults with diabetes. Although there are several guidelines for the management of diabetes, only a few are specifically designed for the elderly with diabetes. In this review, we present specific conditions of elderly diabetes which should be taken into account in the management of diabetes in older adults. We also present advantages and disadvantages of various glucose-lowering agents that should be considered when choosing a proper regimen for older adults with diabetes.

Effects of an Elder Health Promotion Program using the Strategy of Elder Health Leader Training in Senior Citizen Halls

PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of an elder health promotion program and apply strategies for elder health leader training sessions with elders at senior citizen halls. METHODS A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 49 elders at a senior citizen hall (intervention: 27, control: 22). The elder health promotion program consisted of health education and exercise. A professional leader led the program for 4 weeks, and then an elder health leader and research assistant led for 8 weeks (total 12 weeks). Scales for elder health promoting behaviors, perceived health status, life satisfaction and senior citizen hall capability were used and physical fitness levels were measured. Data were collected between April 21 and July 28, 2010 and analyzed using Chi-square, Fishers exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS Health promoting behaviors, physical fitness, perceived health status, and senior citizen hall capacity were significantly better in the experimental group after the intervention compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Study findings indicate that elder health promotion programs applying strategies of elder health leader training are effective and can be recommended as nursing interventions for health promotion of these elders.

Effects of a School-based Intervention Program for Middle School Adolescent Girls with Depression: As Part of the School Health Services

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based intervention program for middle school adolescent girls with depression. METHODS The study was a pretest-posttest repeated-measure design with a nonequivalent control group. Fifty eight students with depressive symptoms were recruited from two middle schools in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from the intervention (n=30) and the comparison group (n=28). The research instrument was Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. RESULTS The intervention group greatly improved from baseline to 10 weeks and then saw a slight positive change between 10 and 13 weeks. CONCLUSION The results of this research show that depression intervention programs are effective for young female adolescents. Thus the investigation has important school-based treatment implications, and should be integrated into school curricula by school health nurses for early intervention of depressive symptoms in middle school adolescent girls.

Self-Concept and Coping Skills of Female Early Adolescents in South Korea

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the coping strategies and self-concept of Korean female early adolescents. These adolescents (n = 351) were enrolled in a middle school in Seoul. The subjects completed the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale and Coping Responses Inventory questionnaires. The subjects exhibited the greatest positivity with regard to family self-concept and the greatest negativity with regard to academic self-concept. The subjects most frequently used the seeking guidance strategy of approach coping and the seeking alternative rewards strategy of avoidance coping. Self-concept was positively or negatively related with various coping skills. Using content analysis, seven categories including discord in family relationships were identified. The results of this study provide information that will aid school nurses working with adolescents with regard to helping the adolescents develop a positive self-concept and more effective coping strategies.

Factors Associated With Screen Time Among School-Age Children in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics with screen time among school-age children in Korea. This study employed a nonexperimental, cross-sectional study design. A total of 370 children attending four elementary schools participated in the study. Self-report method was used, and instruments included screen time (time spent on TV/video/computer/video games), sleep duration, eating behavior, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. According to the results, 45.7% of the children had screen time of 1–2.9 hr/day and 8.9% had 3 or more hr/day. Increased screen time showed an association with gender (boy), higher body mass index, fast food consumption, higher cons of exercise, having a working mother, and attendance at a school in an inner city area (p < .05). Understanding the factors associated with screen time may provide useful information in the development of health promotion programs aimed at decreasing sedentary behaviors.

The Effects on Helplessness and Recovery of An Empowerment Program for Hospitalized Persons With Schizophrenia

PURPOSE The study aim was to evaluate the effects on helplessness and recovery of an empowering program for patients with chronic schizophrenia. DESIGN AND METHODS A repeated-measure design with a control group was used. The subjects consisted of 46 patients with schizophrenia admitted in three psychiatric hospitals in South Korea. The experimental group (n = 23) received the empowering program twice a week for 60 min, with a total of 6 weeks. FINDINGS This finding revealed that the empowering program was effective on helplessness (F = 185.218, p <.001) and recovery (F = 159.402, p <.001, F = 34.154, p <.001) of hospitalized persons with schizophrenia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated that the empowering program can be a useful psychiatric nursing intervention.

The Effects of Violence Coping Program Based on Middle-Range Theory of Resilience on Emergency Room Nurses' Resilience, Violence Coping, Nursing Competency and Burnout

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a violence coping program (VCP) based on Polks middle-range theory of resilience on nursing competency, resilience, burnout, and the ability to cope with violence in nurses working in emergency rooms. METHODS A quasi-experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design, was conducted. Participants were 36 nurses who worked in emergency rooms and had experienced violence; 18 nurses from D hospital and 18 nurses from C hospital were assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received the VCP twice per week for 8 weeks. RESULTS Levels of resilience, F=59.41, p<.001, active coping behavior, χ²=33.09, p<.001, and nursing competency, F=59.41 p<.001, increased significantly and levels of passive coping behavior, χ²=22.92, p<.001, and burnout, F=52.74, p<.001, decreased significantly in the experimental group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the VCP could be an effective strategy for reducing burnout and improving resilience, active coping behavior, and nursing competency. Therefore, it would be a useful intervention for improving the quality of nursing care provided in emergency rooms.

A Comparison of Patients' Nursing Service Satisfaction, Hospital Commitment and Revisit Intention between General Care Unit and Comprehensive Nursing Care Unit

Purpose: The study aim was to compare nursing service satisfaction, hospital commitment and revisit intention between patients on general care units and comprehensive nursing care units. Methods: Participants were 201 hospitalized patients in a WHO tertiary hospital and a general hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant difference in the satisfaction with nursing service between patients on general care units and comprehensive nursing care units (t=14.73, p＜.001). There was a significant difference in the hospital commitment between general care units and comprehensive nursing care units (t=7.52, p＜.001). There was a significant difference in the revisit intention between patients on general care units and patients on comprehensive nursing care units (t=6.01, p＜.001). There were significant relationships among nursing service satisfaction, hospital commitment and revisit intention. Conclusion: The findings reveal that patients on comprehensive nursing care units were more satisfied with the nursing service, hospital commitment, and revisit intention compared to general care unit patients. Nursing service satisfaction and hospital commitment were factors affecting hospital revisit intention. Therefore, these results are important data for complementing and expanding the comprehensive nursing service system to improve satisfied with nursing service and hospital commitment to increase hospital revisit intention.

Comparison of Factors influencing Academic and Social self-concept between Multicultural and General children

This study was aimed to compare and investigate the difference of academic self-concept and social self-concept between multicultural children and general children. The data were collected from a total of 285 multicultural children and 223 general children in elementary school, during three months from February 20, 2014 to May 20, 2014. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and enter multiple regression with the SPSS 23.0 program. Multicultural children showed lower scores in academic and social self-concept, parents attachment, social support, and school life adaptation than general children. And their mental health level was lower than the general children. The study results were that academic self-concept of multicultural children was influenced by learning activity (β=.298), social maladaptation (β=-.218), communication (β=-.196), and confidence (β=.167), which explained for 42.4% of academic self-concept. Social self-concept of multicultural children was influenced by support from friend (β=.285), peer relation(β=.187), social maladaptation (β=-.172), and depression (β=-.139). which explained for 46.3% of social self-concept. Since the influence factors of academic and social self-concept of general children and multicultural children have a great power of explanation, they can be used for the intervention program enhancing self-concept for school aged children.