Kyung Ok Min

Effects of muscle activity and number of resistance exercise repetitions on perceived exertion in tonic and phasic muscle of young Korean adults.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effects of muscle activity and the number of resistance exercise repetitions on perceived exertion in tonic and phasic muscles in young Korean adults. [Subjects] Janda’s classification system was used to divide 40 Korean males and females in their 20s into a tonic muscle group (10 males, 10 females) and phasic muscle group (10 males, 10 females). [Methods] Each participant performed resistance exercise at 70% of maximum exertion for a single repetition. Muscle activity and number of repetitions were measured according to the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, with fairly light, hard, and very hard rated as 11, 15, and 19, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed. [Results] As the number of tonic and phasic muscle repetitions for males and females and female phasic muscle activity increased, the perceived exertion increased. Perceived exertion increased as the number of tonic muscle repetitions and activity of gastrocnemius muscles in males and females and the hamstring in males increased. Increased activity of phasic muscles in males and females and rhomboid muscle activity in males was associated with significantly increased perceived exertion. [Conclusion] Muscle activity and number of repetitions affect perceived exertion. The perception of exertion differs by muscle type and can differ by gender. The influence of the number of repetitions exceeds that of muscle activity.

Effects of Ankle Joint Taping on Postural Balance Control in Stroke Patients

Clinically, the primary purpose of the rehabilitationof stroke-related hemiplegic patients is the recoveryof balance and gait ability(1). A general problem inthe gaits of stroke patients is in ankle dorsiflexion.That is, foot drop occurs in stroke patients becausethe dorsiflexor is not well controlled, and the muscletone of the triceps sura increases abnormally. Theseobstacles make standing and balancing difficult inthe rehabilitation process of these patients, therebypreventing them from getting out of their beds andinhibiting normal gaits and activities of daily living(2). Compared to subjects with no damage to anklejoint proprioception, those with damaged ankle jointproprioception show increased body sway, lower bal-ance scale scores(3), and larger changes in gait pat-terns(4).Callaghan et al.(5) reported that taping significantlyimproved the accuracy of senses in those with rela-tively poor proprioception although it had little effecton those with excellent proprioception. Jerosch et al.(6) reported that when proprioception was examinedusing angle reproduction tests, errors in propriocep-tion decreased in a group of patients with ankledamage to which taping was applied. Taping is gen-erally known to improve proprioception and by com-ing into contact with the skin, provide augmentedskin proprioceptor signals(7).Therefore, the present study intends to provideexperimental data on therapeutic intervention meth-ods for improving stroke patients’ independence byidentifying the effects of taping on postural balancecontrol. Taping is applied to the ankle joints, the tib-ialis anterior, and the gastrocnemius, which playimportant roles in the balance control of hemiplegicpatients for physical stability when therapeuticexercises are performed, in addition to assessingstroke patients’ static balance, dynamic balance, andgait ability.

The Effects of Transcranial Electric Stimulation and Cognition Reinforcement Training on the Expression of Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Rat Models

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common neu -rodegerative dementia among senile disorders caus -ing complex cognitive functional deficiency includingmemory disorders to the extent that the activities ofdaily living are seriously interrupted(1). Cognitivefunctions are the ability to understand and learnthings happening in daily living environments and aseries of composite thinking processes of learningthrough experience and making decisions(2).Cognitive functions integrate auditory, linguistic,and visual senses as well as perception as funda -mental areas and include higher level functions suchas attention, memory, planning ability, organizingskills, problems-solving skills, and abstracting abili-ty(3). It has been reported that when cognitive func -tional disorders occurred, memory and concentrationdeclined, disorders occurred in the perception ofspaces, and visual and perceptive abilitiesdecreased(4). Learning undergoes recognition andassociation levels to reach an automation level.Learning is a process of drawing continuous behav -ioral changes occurring as a result of past experienceand practice. Neurons proliferate and the brain isreorganized as a result of learning. Cognitive func -tions are necessary for such learning. Cognitivefunctions are constructed based on memory ability.Intervention processes using physical therapy imple -mented through task-oriented cognitive functionreinforcing training are necessary to enhance cogni-tive functions. Recently, therapeutic concepts in theaspect of cognition are dealt importantly in the fieldof physical therapy.Direct cerebral electric stimulation is used to rein -force cognitive functions. This transcranial electricstimulation has been known to provide direct non-invasive stimulation to human brains thereby

Effects of Gastrocnemius and Lumbar Back Muscle Exercise on Standing Balance

【The purpose of this study was to test the effect of Gastrocnemius and Low Back-muscle isotonic exercise on static dynamic standing balance during the period of 4 weeks. This study was two groups pretest-posttest design. Nineteen subjects who were over 22 years old were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the Gastrocnemius muscle exercise(n=9) or the low back muscle exercise(n=10) : The former group performed isotonic exercise(plantar flexion), the latter group performed isotonic exercise(trunk extension) a total of 18 times for three times per week for four weeks. Two groups also performed static and dynamic balance before the exercise and 4weeks after the exercise. The data were analyzed by using the paired t-test and independent t-test. The results were as follows: As compared with change of dynamic balance performance capacity at two groups, a significant difference was shown in the test(p .05). Also, a significant difference of balance between groups was not shown in the test. In this study indicated that gastrocnemius and low back muscle isotonic exercise will have positive impact on standing balance.】

The Correlation between Flexi-bar Exercise and Trunk Muscles Strength and Body Composition in Juvenile Soccer Players

The purpose of this study is to verify a correlation between flexi-bar exercise and improvement of trunk strength and body composition in juvenile soccer players. The subjects were 11 teenager juvenile soccer players who conducted flexi-bar exercise half an hour daily three times a week for eight weeks. They were tested for trunk muscles strength, body composition and correlation. The result showed that trunk muscles strength improved significantly( p<.01) and weight, Rt. arm muscle mass, Rt. leg muscle mass, and Lt. leg muscle mass(p<.05), Lt. arm muscle mass, trunk muscle mass, and body muscle mass(p<.01) improved significantly as well while Lt. arm fat mass, Rt. leg fat mass, and Lt. leg fat mass decreased significantly(p<.05). In the correlation analysis, the more trunk muscle mass and trunk muscles strength increased, the more muscle mass of body regions increased, which was a positive correlation whereas fat mass of body regions decreased, which was a negative correlation. It was verified that there was a correlation between flexi-bar exercise and improvement of trunk muscles strength and body composition for juvenile soccer players.

The Effect of Application Parameter of Pulsed Direct Current on Wound Healing of Patients with Pressure Ulcer

This study investigated the effects of changes to the pulsation factor of pulsed direct currents on wound healing. Patients with a pressure ulcer at a care hospital for the elderly were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 involved the application of in pulse duration, 10 ms in pulse period, 100 pps in a pulsation factor, 15 mA in pulse amplitude, and polarity red+ by using pulsed direct currents; Group 2 involved a change of pulse period to 8 ms; and Group 3 received general wound management. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the changing stages of pressure ulcers among the groups, all the groups dropped in numerical stages. In the two groups to which pulsed direct currents were applied, there was a statistically significant reduction in the stages of pressure ulcers from the initial assessment to the 12-week assessment (p

The Effects of Proprioceptor Training and Vestibular Organ Training on Balance Ability of Adults

The purpose of this study was to analysis of the effect of proprioceptor training and vestibular organ training for balance ability. The subjects was consist of two different subjects group, proprioceptor training group and vestibular organ training group. Proprioceptor training group consisted of 10 subjects and vestibular organ training group consisted of 10 subjects. Training was performed 3 times per week, 30 minutes per day, for 3 weeks. Balance ability analysis was performed using Rombergs one leg standing test and BT4 when opened eyes and closed eyes. The analysis results were as follows. There was no significant differences in balance after the training in both groups when they opened their eyes(p

The Study on Respiratory Function, Spirometric Lung Pattern and Fatigue of Elderly in a Facility

The purpose of this study was to investigate spirometric lung pattern, respiratory function and degree of fatigue by lung function tests and fatigue tests of 39 elderly people in a care facility aged 65 and over. The respiratory function tests were used to the Spirovit SP-1 and fatigue tests were used modified Piper fatigue scale(mPFS). Regarding the respiratory function, the FVC was l, the FVC % predicted was %, the was l, the % predicted was %, the /FVC was %, and the fatigue score was . As for the spirometric lung pattern, 19 patients had a restrictive pattern(48.7%), followed by 11 with a mixed pattern(28.2%), 5 with an obstructive pattern( 12.8%), and 4 with a normal pattern(10.3%). Regarding the respiratory function and fatigue by spirometric lung pattern, the FVC and the FVC % predicted of patients with a normal pattern or an obstructive pattern were greater than other groups at a statistically significant level. As for the , that of patients with a normal pattern was significantly higher than others, and for the % predicted, that of patients with a normal pattern or a restrictive pattern was significantly higher(p

The analysis of Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Motion Analysis according to Normal Foot and Flatfoot during Walking

The purpose of this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch height during walking. We selected 9 young and healthy people who have been normal foot. And we selected 7 young and healthy people who have been flatfoot. So, people were divided into 2 groups and walked platform during 2 minutes twice for checked by 3D motion analysis. These data were characterized by EMG measurements of three muscles( tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius) while they were walking. The collected data were analyzed by Independent t test using the SPSS statistics program(Ver 12.0). In foot arch change, there were no significant difference in three muscles 3D motion analysis also found that there were no significant difference in joint angles. In this study was to analyze lower limb muscle activity and 3D motion analysis according to change foot arch, but there were no significant difference in 6 muscles neither joint angles.

The Approach of Robot-assisted Gait Therapy for Locomotor Recovery of Chronic Stroke Patients: a Case Report

The recovery of gait function is one of the mostimportant aims for patients with injured centralnervous system such as stroke, spinal cord injuries,and traumatic brain damage. It is a major factorinfluencing return to home or work(1). For patientswith gait problems due to stroke, neurophysiologicaltreatmentconceptsinotherwords,traditionaltreat-ment such as Bobath, PNF, Brunstrom, and Vojtahave been applied. However, recently based on themotorlearningconcept,treatmentsenablingpatientsto learn motor skills through task-specific traininginvolving repetition of movements that are mostsimilar to motions ultimately wanted by patientshave been highlighted(2). Body weight-supportedtreadmill training(BWSTT) is a representative treat-mentexamplebasedonthismotorlearningtheory.BWSTTfocusesonidealkinematicsaswellastimeaspect when walking and is based on training fornormal physiological walking patterns(3, 4, 5). Apatient may supplement deficits in equilibriumresponsesbywearingaharness,complementdeficitsfromparesisofthelegsthroughweightsupport,andreintantwalkingwithmotor-driventreadmill(6).There have been reports from systematic analysesthat gait functions of patients with neurologicaldamage such as stroke or spinal cord injuries haveimproved(7, 8). Also there have been reports thatcomparedtotraditionaltherapeuticexercise,BWSTThas shown similar effects to improve gait and motorfunction(9) while some reports have maintained thatin experiments on control of cortex and spinal cordby motor learning and task-specific training, thetask-specific training has been more effective thantraditionaltherapeuticexercise(10,11).However, in order to help patients with gait prob-lems to receive repetitive gait training safely basedontheapplicationofnormalgaitpatterns,physical