Kyung-Soo Yang

Flow past a square cylinder with an angle of incidence

A parametric study has been carried out to elucidate the characteristics of flow past a square cylinder inclined with respect to the main flow in the laminar flow regime. Reynolds number and angle of incidence are the key parameters which determine the flow characteristics. Location of separation point is greatly affected by angle of incidence, thus determining the flow field around the square cylinder. The critical Reynolds number for periodic vortex shedding at each angle of incidence considered is obtained by using Stuart–Landau equation. Attempt is made to classify the related flow patterns from a topological point of view, resulting in three distinct patterns in total. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of Reynolds number and angle of incidence on flow-induced forces on the square cylinder is presented. Collecting all the results obtained, contour diagrams of force and moment coefficients, Strouhal number, rms of lift-coefficient fluctuation, as well as a flow-pattern diagram are proposed for th...

Reduction of flow-induced forces on a circular cylinder using a detached splitter plate

Control of flow-induced forces on a circular cylinder using a detached splitter plate is numerically studied for laminar flow. A splitter plate with the same length as the cylinder diameter is placed horizontally in the wake region. Suppressing the vortex shedding, the plate significantly reduces drag force and lift fluctuation; there exists an optimal location of the plate for maximum reduction. However, they sharply increase as the plate is placed further downstream of the optimal location. This trend is consistent with the experimental observation currently available in the case of turbulent wake.

Sources of spurious force oscillations from an immersed boundary method for moving-body problems

When a discrete-forcing immersed boundary method is applied to moving-body problems, it produces spurious force oscillations on a solid body. In the present study, we identify two sources of these force oscillations. One source is from the spatial discontinuity in the pressure across the immersed boundary when a grid point located inside a solid body becomes that of fluid with a body motion. The addition of mass source/sink together with momentum forcing proposed by Kim et al. [J. Kim, D. Kim, H. Choi, An immersed-boundary finite volume method for simulations of flow in complex geometries, Journal of Computational Physics 171 (2001) 132-150] reduces the spurious force oscillations by alleviating this pressure discontinuity. The other source is from the temporal discontinuity in the velocity at the grid points where fluid becomes solid with a body motion. The magnitude of velocity discontinuity decreases with decreasing the grid spacing near the immersed boundary. Four moving-body problems are simulated by varying the grid spacing at a fixed computational time step and at a constant CFL number, respectively. It is found that the spurious force oscillations decrease with decreasing the grid spacing and increasing the computational time step size, but they depend more on the grid spacing than on the computational time step size.

Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow past a square cylinder confined in a channel

Abstract Turbulent flow past a square cylinder confined in a channel is numerically investigated by large eddy simulation (LES). The main objectives of this study are to extensively verify the experimental results of Nakagawa et al. [Exp. Fluids 27(3) (1999) 284] by LES and to identify the features of flows past a square cylinder confined in a channel in comparison with the conventional one in an infinite domain. The LES results obtained are in excellent agreement with the experiment both qualitatively and quantitatively. The well-known Karman vortex shedding is observed. However, the vortices shed from the cylinder are significantly affected by the presence of the plates; mean drag and fluctuation of lift force increase significantly. Furthermore, periodic and alternating vortex-rollups are observed in the vicinity of the plates. The rolled-up vortex is convected downstream together with the corresponding Karman vortex; they form a counter-rotating vortex pair. It is also revealed that the cylinder greatly enhances mixing process of the flow.

Numerical study of vortical structures around a wall-mounted cubic obstacle in channel flow

Vortical structures around a wall-mounted cubic obstacle in channel flow are studied using numerical simulation. Flows of low-to-moderate Reynolds numbers up to Re=3500 are considered. The objective of this work is to elucidate characteristics of coherent vortical structures produced by the presence of the wall-mounted cubic obstacle, including horseshoe vortex systems upstream of the obstacle, lateral vortices in the vicinity of the two lateral faces of the cube, and hairpin vortices in the near-wake region. As the flow approaches the cube, the adverse pressure gradient produces three-dimensional boundary-layer separation, resulting in the formation of laminar horseshoe vortices. As the Reynolds number increases, the structure of the horseshoe vortex system becomes complex and the number of vortices increases in pairs. The distribution of skin friction on the cube-mounted wall reflects the effect of the horseshoe vortices. Unsteady horseshoe vortex systems are hardly found as long as the upstream flow is...

Numerical study of Taylor-Couette flow with an axial flow

Abstract The flow between two concentric cylinders with the inner one rotating and with an imposed pressure-driven axial flow is studied using numerical simulation. This study considers the identical flow geometry and flow parameters as in the experiments of Wereley and Lueptow [Phys. Fluids 11 (12) (1999) 3637], where particle image velocimetry measurements were carried out to obtain detailed velocity fields in a meridional plane of the annulus. The objectives of this investigation are to numerically verify the experimental results of Wereley and Lueptow and to further study detailed flow fields and bifurcations related to Taylor–Couette flow with an imposed axial flow. The vortices in various flow regimes such as non-wavy laminar vortex, wavy vortex, non-wavy helical vortex, helical wavy vortex and random wavy vortex are all consistently reproduced with their experiments. It is demonstrated that ‘shift-and-reflect’ symmetry holds in Taylor–Couette flow without an imposed axial flow. In case of Taylor–Couette flow with an imposed axial flow, one can find that the shift-and-reflect symmetry is roughly valid for the remaining velocity field after subtracting the annular Poiseuille flow. The axial flow stabilizes the flow field and decreases the torque required by rotating the inner cylinder at a given speed. Growth rate of the flow instability is defined and used in predicting the type of the vortices. The velocity vector fields obtained also reveal the same vortex characteristics as found in the experiments of Wereley and Lueptow.

Testing for Erosion-Corrosion Under Disturbed Flow Conditions Using a Rotating Cylinder with a Stepped Surface

Abstract Erosion-corrosion is most severe in the vicinity of flow disturbances. In the past, erosion-corrosion under disturbed flow conditions has been studied experimentally in flow loops and nume...

Flow-induced forces on two nearby spheres

Flow-induced forces on two identical nearby spheres at Re=300 were numerically studied. We consider all possible arrangements of the two spheres in terms of the distance between the spheres and the angle inclined with respect to the main flow direction. It turns out that significant changes in the characteristics of vortex shedding are noticed depending on how the two spheres are positioned, resulting in quantitative changes of force coefficients on both spheres. Collecting all the numerical results obtained, we present the diagrams for the force coefficients on the distance versus angle plane for each of the two spheres. The perfect geometrical symmetry implied in the flow configuration allows one to use those diagrams to estimate flow-induced forces on two identical spheres arbitrarily positioned in physical space with respect to the main flow direction.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Channel Flow Using an Inclined Square Cylinder

Heat transfer enhancement in channel flow by using an inclined vortex generator has been numerically investigated. A square cylinder is located on the centerline of laminar channel flow, which is subject to a constant heat flux on the lower channel wall. As the cylinder is inclined with some angle of attack with respect to the main flow direction, flow characteristics change downstream of the cylinder, and significantly affect heat transfer on the channel wall. A parametric study has been conducted to identify the cause, and to possibly find the optimal inclination angle. It turns out that the increased periodic fluctuation of the vertical velocity component in the vicinity of the channel walls is responsible for the heat transfer enhancement. The large fluctuation is believed to be induced by the large-scale vortices shed from the inclined square cylinder, as well as by the secondary vortices formed near the channel walls.

Secondary instability in the near-wake past two tandem square cylinders

Floquet stability analysis has been carried out to detect the onset of the secondary instability in the laminar flow past two identical square cylinders in tandem. Presence of a neighbouring cylinder alters flow topology, leading to change of stability characteristics. A parametric study has been performed with the gap between the two square cylinders as the key parameter. Three distinct patterns of base flow are found depending on the gap, and distinctive modes of the secondary instability are identified for each pattern of the base flow. The modes exhibit either odd reflection-translation symmetry or even RT symmetry. The critical Reynolds number and the corresponding dominant spanwise wavelength are presented for a wide range of the gap. Temporal and spatial characteristics of the dominant Floquet modes are described in detail. A hysteresis is also noticed in a certain range of the gap. Neutral stability curves are presented for some selected values of the gap. The averaged in-plane vorticity of the do...