Kyungock Yi

Difference in Core Stability and Muscle Balance of the Pilates Teaser Motion According to Kinds of the Ground and Skills

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences in core stability and muscle balance of the pilates Teaser motion accordingto the surfaces and skills· Methods : There were 10 subjects in this study with 5 being skilled and 5 that were not skilled· The independent variables were surfaces (highelastic & aluminum) and skills (skilled & unskilled)· Dependent variables were core stability and muscle balance· Core stability was measured byForce Platform (9872, Switzerland), 3D Imagery (IBS-2000, EXYMA) was used to understand the muscle balance· In order to do the Teasermovement subjects had to lay flat on their back and then lean forward as much as possible and hold the position for 10 seconds· Afterwards, theywould lay back down again· A camera (MHS-PM5K, SONY) was used to make 4 phases (take off, recoil forward, holding, recoil backward) duringthe teaser exercise to analyze movement· In this study quantitative and qualitative analysis was used· For the statistical analysis, 2X2 ANOVA wasused to analyze the differences in movement time, X,Y,Z maximum force, center of pressure and angles according to different phases· 2X3 ANOVAwas used to analyze the differences in muscle balance via SPSS 18·0· Results : Soft· Elastic mat had a longer holding time, lower Fx/ Fy/ Fz, shorter Fx trajectory, larger angle and shorter gaps in muscle balance than a hardsurface in skilled subjects· This was because the mat can help to recruit and then sustain core fine muscles during holding time in the Teaser movement·

The Differences in Foot Type According to Major in Left and Right Foot for Female College Students

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in foot type of female college students according to academic major in both feet. The subjects for this study were 216 female students who took liberal arts classes in Seoul. Dependent variables were students` field of study -specifically whether or not they majored in physical education. Analysis of students` foot type and Malalignment Syndrome were measured using Resting Calcaneous Stance Position (RCSP). There were five categories for RCSP angle: Severe Pes Planus (), Pes Planus (), Pes Rectus (), Pes Cavus (), Severe Pes Cavus (> ). analysis was used for statistical analysis. RCSP for all subjects (432 feet) occurred at the following frequency: Pes Planus(43.9%), Pes Rectus(43.8%), and Pes Cavus(12.3%). These levels were different for physical education majors, with Pes Planus at 42.6%, Pes Rectus at 49.4%, and Pes Cavusat 8.0%. Non-physical education majors exhibited Pes Planus at 45.0%, Pes Rectus at 39.9%, and Pes Cavus at 15.1%. 15.3% (33 subjects) of all students had Malalignment Syndrome. In conclusion, 56.2% of female college students had a foot deformity. There was nearly four times more Pes Planus than Pes Cavus. According to these results, exercise can be prescribed to alleviate foot deformities, especially supination. Severe pronation and supination problems appeared less amongst students not majoring in physical education. Thus, although exercise might be one cause of foot deformity, it can also help resolve problems with over-supination. Further study will be needed to understand and resolve the specific mechanism of over-supination.

The Effect of Multisensory Exercise on Foot Pressure Sensitivity, Balance for the Elderly

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of multisensory exercise on foot pressure sensitivity and balance for the elderly. Method : The subjects were 17 elderly women (11 for the experimental group and 6 for the control group) with a mean age of 83. The subjects all lived in...

The Analysis of EMG According to Surface Type and Elastic Band Usage During the Pilates Superman Movement

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze EMG according to surface type and elastic band usage during the pilates Superman movement. Method : The subjects were 10 female university students with a mean age of 27. The independent variables were surface type (yoga mat, air filled equipment, elastic mat) and elastic band usage. In order to measure muscle activity, the Noraxon(USA) was used. Eight muscles (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus) activation were analyzed. For the statistical analysis, MANOVA, independent t-test and Scheffe test for the post-hoc via SPSS 20.0 was used. Results : The left and right upper trapezius muscle activities were significantly reduced when using the elastic bands. In addition gluteus medius muscle activities significantly increased with the elastic band as well. Conclusion : According to the usage of the elastic band and the different types of surfaces, different muscle groups were recruited. Elastic bands were found to have more activation on the gluteus medius muscle meanwhile there was less activation on the upper trapezius during the pilates Superman movement.

The Relationship between Standing Posture Biomechanics and Physical Fitness in the Elderly

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between standing posture biomechanics and physical fitness in the elderly. Physical fitness variables and postural variables for 227 (140 women and 87 men) elderly individuals were tested. Physical fitness tests (Korean Institute of Sports Science, 2012) included 3m sit, walk, and return, grip test, 30 second chair sit and stand, sit and reach, figure 8 walks, and 2 minute stationary march. Postural biomechanics variables included resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), shoulder slope, pelvic slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference, thoracic angle, and upper body slope. In statistical analysis, multiple regression was conducted by using stepwise selection method via SAS (version 9.2). Analysis for both men and women revealed significant relationships between physical fitness and age, upper body slope, knee flexion angle, leg length dif- ference. Pelvic and thoracic angle were only related to figure 8 walking and sit and reach in women, while RCSP and shoulder slope had no relationship with any physical fitness variables.

The Effect of Wearing the Customized Insole on the Coordination of the Right and Left Wrists Measured by Wearables During Golf Swing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence or absence of the insole on the intra—limb coordination between right and left wrists measured by IMU wearables. The subjects were one male and one male with foot deformity. The IMU-based wearables (CUBE MOTION, K2155~58, MSIP-CRM-sed-CM-IMUI-T) sampling rate was 800 Hz/s. The customized insole was constructed to raise the inner arch so that the RCSP would be in neutral position. The custom foot corrective insole influenced the proximal wrist movement during the golf swing. It was also effective in correcting the golf performance and as a result increasing the distance and reducing the angle of flight. Therefore, the acceleration-based IMU can conclude that it is a reliable and valid tool for kinematic analysis. This study will contribute to provide a basis for evaluating the validity of kinematic analysis using IMU wearables as well as identifying the effects of customized insole on golf performance.

Effect of Taping Therapy and Inner Arch Support on Plantar Lower Body Alignment and Gait

The feet not only support the human body when standing but also absorb and distribute the impact from weight during walking (Seoul National University Hospital, 2003). For this main role, the foot has a unique structure called the arch (Kang, 2012). The foot has four arches, including the medial and lateral arches, and the anterior transverse arches of the forefoot and midfoot. Loss of the foot arch is associated with loss of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion abilities of the ankle joint, which is important for shock absorption, and may lead to various disabilities (SNUH, 2003). The pes planus, with the medial foot arch lowered and the entire sole of the foot touching the floor, leads to inadequate gait due to decreased impact absorption of the foot and excessive pronation movement (Song, 2008) and may accompany not only spasticity and heel pain, but also the hallux valgus or plantar fasciitis (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2016). The results of the footprint analysis performed for women in their 20~50s by the Korea Foot Health Association indicated that 84.8% of the women showed arch deformities such as pes planus and pes cavus, and 54.5% had hallux valgus (Lee, 2006). Thus, a taping technique and foot support to relieve or treat the symptoms of arch-foot deformity are needed (Lee et al., 2006). Taping is used for the prevention of injuries and any recurrence on the injured areas, and has a positive effect on the range of motion of the joints, joint fixation and muscle compression, and joint strength and muscle fatigue (Kang, Kim, & Lee, 2010; Park, 2008). Moreover, taping therapy applied to the ankle area reduces inversion and eversion of the ankle and affects the range of motion (Choi, 2007). In particular, foot taping therapy improves exercise performance by alleviating the pain during walking and induces a positive structural change to the foot arch (Jang et al., 2008; Lee, Kim, & Choi, 2009). The force loaded on the feet daily is approximately 700 tons, while the feet takes more than 3,000,000 steps per year for a 70-kg person walking 10,000 steps per day (Lee, 2001). According to previous studies Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2017; 27(3): 229-238 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.3.229 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL

The Effects of the Foot Types and Structures of the Inner Arch Support Bands on Ground Reaction Force Variables and Sensations during 2nd Vertical Ballet Jump

Dance is the body’s response to the feelings created by a particular situation and can be said to be the most basic form of expression for humans (Jang, 2007). The jumping movement in dance is an essential part of every piece and as a basic movement technique, makes possible various forms of expression (Choi, 2001). According to advanced research, it is apparent that the foot type affects how the jumping technique was performed (Yoo, 2015). The shape of the foot can be divided into three forms according to the height of the medial arch: pes rectus, pes cavus, and pes planus. Among the pes planus form, there is a flexible pes planus that occurs due to the over-pronation through weight-bearing (Kadakia & Haddad, 2003; Ker et al., 1987), and a rigid pes planus (Rodriguez, Choung, & Dobbs, 2009). That has no relation to weight-bearing. The inner arch of the foot is higher, and has a more flexible and elastic structure than the outer arch, and it plays an important part in absorbing the impact upon touching ground (Park, 2008; Richie, 2007). Furthermore, being the primary support structure for weight-bearing, the inner arch of the foot plays an important role in absorbing impact during various movements, such as walking or running (Nawoczenski & Flemister, 2006). There are various treatments for the collapsed arch in the case of pes planus (Jacobs, 2007), but among them, the taping method has the positive sides of being economical, convenient and standardized (Kim, 2011). Recently there have been many studies where elastic bands have been used, but they have been limited to determining the use of the elastic bands and to physical workout programs. The inner arch support band has been produced in two structures by grafting the taping method for holding the inner arch of the foot onto the elastic band. Thus, the purpose of this study establishes the differences of ground reaction force variables and relative sensations according to the second position vertical jump in ballet.

The Immediate Effects of Ankle Restriction Using an Elastic Band on Ground Reaction Force during a Golf Swing

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the immediate effects of ankle restriction with an elastic band on ground reaction force during a golf swing. Method: There were five subjects who were teaching pros with an average golf score of 75. A force platform (9281B, Switzerland) was used. The independent variable was the presence of an elastic band. The dependent variables were three-dimensional ground reaction forces to analyze the transfer of momentum with the timing, control and coordination of the three forces. A paired t-test within subject repeated measure design was used via an SPSS 20.0. Results: Wearing an elastic band around one`s ankles significantly makes shorter time differences between the moment of cross anterior / posterior forces and vertical force and median value of anterior / posterior forces during the backswing, between medial and lateral maximum and anterior / posterior force from the top of the back swing to the mid down swing, and creates an anterior / posterior maximum force. Conclusion: Wearing an elastic band around one`s ankles affects control and coordination between three dimensional forces, and anterior force power according to each phase of the golf swing.

The Immediate Effects of External Kinesio-tape Wrapping for Inner Arch Support on the Lower Leg EMG for Gait in Stiletto Heels

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of using external kinesiotape wrapping for inner arch support on the lower extremity EMG for gait in stiletto heels. Methods: Subjects for this study were two female college students who had been wearing stiletto heels almost every day of the week for more than three years. The independent variable was the presence or absence of kinesio-tape wrap for inner arch support. Dependent variables were EMG readings for the four muscle groups: the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, the tibialis anterior, and the peroneus longus. EMG readings were taken using the NORAXON (USA). The Paired t-test within the subject repeated measure design for the presence and absence of inner arch support (p<0.05) was used via SPSS 18.0. Results: With kinesio-tape wrap for inner arch support, there was a statistically significant decrease in the muscle force mean values for the peroneus longus and the medial and lateral gastrocnemius, in the maximum muscle forces of the peroneus longus and the lateral gastrocnemius. Conclusion: External kinesio-tape wrapping for inner arch support in stiletto heels could have an effect to reduce peroneus longus, and medial/lateral gastrocnemius activities that could result in decreased fatigue and discomfort.