L. B. Köbölkuti

Hemorrhagic stomatitis in a natural hybrid of Vipera ammodytes × Vipera berus due to inappropriate substrate in terrarium

A natural hybrid of Vipera ammodytes × Vipera berus was presented having low body weight, seizures and generalized swelling of the cephalic region. Based on the history of the case and clinical examination, hemorrhagic stomatitis of traumatic origin was diagnosed. The snake was kept in a terrarium with wood chips as a substrate, and the material had induced trauma in the oral mucosa which was further complicated with Salmonella Arizonae and Morganella morganii co-infection, abscessation and osteomyelitis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of bacterial infection in European snake hybrids and one of a few case reports in European snakes. Although wood chips are an inexpensive substrate, based on our findings, they should be avoided when keeping and breeding European vipers.

Salmonella septicaemia in a smooth snake

REPTILE medicine has evolved significantly in recent decades; however, most of the information available refers to tropical and subtropical captive and free-living species. The European fauna makes up about 1 per cent of the extant snakes (35 out of 3217 species) (McDiarmid and others 2012) but despite the low number of species, there is limited knowledge on the bacterial pathogens and diseases associated with them (Cooper and others 1985). Several of the native European snakes, mostly Vipera species, have been identified as reservoirs for salmonella; Salmonella enterica subspecies III being one of the most common isolates (Briones …

Seasonal Evolution of Total Antioxidative Status in Two Species of Semi-aquatic Turtles

The intention of this study it was to monitoring the seasonally evolution of Total Antioxidative Status in two semi aquatic turtle species: Trachemys scripta elegans and Emys orbicularis. In both studied tortoise species the total antioxidant status was maximum during hibernation, realized a delicate balance between hibernal stress and protective antioxidant system. The reference values of Total Antioxidative Status for active human population in Europe are between 1.30 - 1.77 mmol/l, thus we can consider that in semi aquatic turtles the antioxidant system is very efficient and this directs us to formulate the next question: Is the operational efficiency of the antioxidant system the reason that makes it possible for these animals to reach high ages? To our knowledge this is the first time when the total antioxidant status was monitored in semi aquatic turtles.

THE POLYVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. STRAINS FROM DOGS WITH PYODERMA IN DETERMINING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTICS

Nomadic agents could disturb the cutaneous micro ecological balance, under certain circumstances, the most important of these being the Staphylococcus intermedius. The experiments aimed to demonstrate the direct influence and modulation of antibiotic sensitivity of nomadic bacteria, followed the therapy with this type of molecules used against diseases other than staphylococcal dermatites.

SEPTICEMIA DUE TO SALMONELLA ARIZONAE INFECTION IN CAPTIVE SMOOTH SNAKE (CORONELLA AUSTRICA) – A CASE REPORT

Actually more than 2500 serovars of Salmonella are known, a small number is associated with reptiles from the suborder Ophidia. Apparently, bacteria from the genus Salmonella are component of the normal intestinal microbial community, and in case of immunosupression they become pathogens for the carrier hosts. In the reptile medicine due to the Salmonella infection there are described the following entities: septicemias, subcutaneous abscess, gastritis, gastroenteritis. The etiological agent of these morbid entities belongs to the serovars S. tiphymurium, S. regent, S. marina, S. arizonae.