L.R. Padovese

Anisotropy study of grain oriented steels with Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Grain oriented electrical steels present strong anisotropy, due to a {110} texture (Goss), with [100] direction parallel to rolling direction (RD) and [110] direction parallel to transverse direction (TD). MBN (Magnetic Barkhausen Noise) were employed to measure magnetic properties in several angles towards RD using a 15° step. For 90° to the rolling direction (i.e., TD), the MBN signal changes, decreasing the MBNrms. It is found a connection between initial permeability and MBNrms. The lower initial permeability for the TD is related to a larger contribution of irreversible rotation in the hysteresis. The MBN procedure is non-destructive and provides rapid understanding of the anisotropy of the material, without the use of laborious methods like Epstein frame or toroidal coils.

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in Quenched Carburized Nickel-Steels

Two steel sheets, one with 5% Ni and another with 10% Ni, were submitted to carburization and quenching, obtaining a microstructure with martensite and retained austenite. These steels were characterized with magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN). The Barkhausen signal is distinctively different for the carburized and quenched samples. The carburized and quenched samples present higher coercive field than the annealed samples. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the carburized and quenched samples have high density of dislocations, a consequence of the martensitic transformation.

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise in quenched carburized steels

Steels with different carbon content, 0.11%C and 0.48%C were submitted to a heat treatment for carburization in the surface. The samples were analyzed after several types of heat treatment, including quenching for producing martensite. The Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is directly related to the microstructure. Samples with lower carbon content, have ferrite, a constituent where domain walls can move freely and present higher amplitude in the envelope of MBN. It is also found that the MBN peaks are quite distinct for the samples with martensite, which have lower permeability, and the results suggest that domain rotation contributes as mechanism for reversal of magnetization in martensite. The results also indicate that MBN is very suitable for monitoring the carburizing heat treatment.

Comparison of the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise for Low Carbon Steel in Deformed and Annealed Conditions

The magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) in low carbon steel (0.034%C) was examined for two situations: after deformation and after recrystalization. The steel sheets previously received 50% of cold rolling and were heat treated for time periods between 15 to 540 min, originating different grain sizes. It was found that the maximum amplitude of MBN decreases with annealing time. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) shows that significant grain fragmentation occurred due to plastic deformation. The results are discussed with help of the Two Gaussian model for the MBN envelope. The major contribution for MBN in the deformed sample was elimination of 90° closure domains. Displacement of 180° domain walls was limited in the deformed sample, due to the grain fragmentation.

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in Welded ASTM A36 Structural Steel by Metal Active Gas (MAG) Welding Process

The use of structural steel in the industry is increasing every day, and the study of stress state after welding has been shown to be of great importance. Nondestructive techniques become quite appropriate to be performed before and during the service component of welded, and thus ensure its integrity. The magnetic technique to be nondestructive, and easy to apply in the field, has potential to be an inspection tool for measuring residual stresses and other microstructural parameters. In this work it was possible to analyze the state of residual stresses through nondestructive techniques, Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and X-ray Diffraction, as well as the semi-destructive technique, high speed hole drilling method, and thereby determine the residual stresses in ASTM A36 steel plate welded by MAG (Metal Active Gas) process.

Characterization of Residual Stresses and Microstructural by Technique of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise of API 5L X80 Steel Heat Treatment

Residual stresses typically are generated during the manufacturing process of mechanical components. The non-destructive techniques are quite sensitive to these residual stresses, and to microstructural changes resulting from thermal cycling. In this work, samples of API 5L X80 steel were exposed to several conditions of cooling, under water, air and oil, thus obtaining different microstructures and different levels of residual stresses. The residual stress measurements were made using the methods of Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and X-ray diffraction.