L. S. Gal’braikh

Surgical Sutures Modified with Polysaccharide Composites

Method development for improving the biocompatibility of fibroin sutures by forming surface layers of biopolymer polyelectrolyte complexes was studied. The rheological properties of aqueous alcohol solutions of the polysaccharides chitosan and hyaluronic acid were compared. Two-component silk threads coated with the polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan and hyaluronic acid were prepared by depositing layers. The resulting threads could be used in general surgery to suture post-operative wounds and as mesothreads for compression plastic surgery.

Acid-Catalyzed Destruction of Chitosan in H2SO4 Solutions

The kinetics of acid-catalyzed destruction with homogeneous hydrolysis and heterogeneous ethanolysis were studied in order to prepare nano(micro)crystallites and low-molecular-weight chitosan species. It was found that solutions of low-molecular-weight chitosan of polymerization degree ~150 could be prepared under the given conditions. The sorption capacity of the resulting chitosan samples was studied. Thermogravimetry revealed changes in the chitosan supramolecular structure.

Composites Based on Polyfluoroalkylacrylate Nanodispersions for Chemical Fiber Surface Modification

A method for preparing composites for chemical fiber surface modification that was based on nanodispersions of polyfluoroalkylacrylate and an industrial coarsely dispersed system was examined. The colloidal chemical properties of composites prepared by mixing the two dispersions in different polymer mass ratios were studied. The optimum conditions for modifying fibers with composites of latexes LFM-N and SKD-1S were found using mathematical experiment planning and process optimization.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN-CONTAINING NANOFIBERS

Nanofibrous material was prepared by needle-free electrospinning from a mixture of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol of equal masses. The conditions for converting it to an insoluble form by heat treatment were studied. The effectiveness of using chitosan-containing nanofibrous material for absorption of uranyl ions from processing solutions and the potential of using it in cell engineering and regenerative medicine were demonstrated.

Wet-Spinning and Electrospinning of Modified Poly(vinyl alcohol) Fiber with Reduced Wettability

Modified poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) fibers with increased anti-adhesive properties could be produced by spinning from solutions containing latex modifiers [copolymer of 1,1-dihydroperfluoroheptyl methacrylate and 1,1,5-trihydroperfluoroamyl acrylate (LFM-3K) and the F-containing Oleophobol S] and the F-containing surfactant POF-9. The rheological properties of the PVA spinning solutions with the added F-containing components were studied. The anti-adhesive properties of wet-spun fibers and fibrous material produced by electrospinning depended on the type of polymer, nature of additive, and size of latex particles. The structures of the modified PVA fibers were investigated using atomic force microscopy.

Preparation and Colloid Chemical Properties of New Surfactant Derivatives of Chitosan

This paper presents the investigation of interaction of chitosan with carboxylate surfactants – cetyl oligo ethylene succinate and 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxypropyl-3-succinate. It is shown that depending on the type of surfactant and the ratio of components, viscous solutions or colloidal dispersions form on interaction with chitosan. For solutions of chitosan – surfactant derivatives a significant non-additive decrease in surface tension is characteristic, making them useful for obtaining stable emulsions of oil in water.

Structure and Sorption Characteristics of Nanocrystallites of Chitosan

The structural features and thermal and sorption characteristics of nanocrystallites of chitosan, produced by hydrolysis and alcoholysis of high-molecular chitosan, were examined. The nature of the changes in the supramolecular structure and characteristics of the nanoparticles (degree of crystallinity, geometric dimensions of the crystallites, specific surface area) that are most significant in the nanocrystallites produced during precipitation of the products from homogeneous sulfuric acid hydrolysis of chitosan with NaOH solution is presented on the basis of data from thermogravimetric analysis, atomic-force microscopy, NMR relaxometry, and calculation of the sorption isotherms.

Fourteenth Rogovin Lectures

More than three decades ago, we lost Zakhar Aleksandrovich Rogovin: a teacher of a whole generation of scientists and engineers. Then at the Moscow Textile Institute, it was decided to conduct memorial lectures as a symbol of our respect for and memory of this outstanding scientist, educator, and extraordinary individual. The first lectures occurred in 1983. In subsequent years, the lectures were given by colleagues of Zakhar Aleksandrovich and his students on the professional activity (scientific and educational) and the direction of research on which he had such a remarkable effect. The Fourteenth Rogovin lectures given in November 2015 at the Moscow State University of Technology and Design were devoted not only to the 110th birthday of Zakhar Aleksandrovich Rogovin, but also the 105th birthday of Sergei Prokof’evich Papkov: a scientist who was associated with Zakhar Aleksandrovich not only through decades of work in the same scientific field but also by mutual respect and friendship. Among the more than 40 participants in the lectures were the daughter of Zakhar Aleksandrovich, Svetlana Rogovina; the son of Sergei Prokof’evich, Vladimir Papkov; the rector of the University, Professor V. S. Belgorodskii; the rectorate advisor I. A. Martynov, the head of Moscow Textile Institute/Academy/University for 31 years; Senior Lecturer I. N. Bychkova, the dean of the Institute of Chemical Technology and Industrial Ecology; and representatives from 12 organizations (institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences: the N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics and the A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds; institutions of higher education: St. Petersburg Technological University of Plant Polymers, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management, D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Ivanovo Polytechnical University; scientific and industrial organizations: All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Lirsot OOO, Central Research Institute for Integrated Automation of Light Industry, Gaspromstroitek, Koleteks OOO, Medsil ZAO, Kurchatov Institute research center), and students of Z. A. Rogovin. A 1928 graduate of the Chemical Institute (later known as the L. Ya. Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry) and a graduate student in the Synthetic Fiber Department of the Military Chemical Academy, Z. A. Rogovin began his scientific activity in the beginning of the 1930s at the Synthetic Fiber Research Institute and forged professional and friendship bonds with many colleagues, leading scientists, and directors over decades of teamwork. At practically the same time (in 1930), Zakhar Aleksandrovich began the work in the Synthetic Fiber Department of Moscow Chemical Technology Institute to which he devoted his entire life: academic teaching. For 40 years (from 1938 through 1978), as head of this department (from 1946, at the Moscow Textile Institute), he helped start the careers of a huge number of engineers and scientists: his students included more than 2000 engineers, 130 Candidates and 7 Doctors of sciences. The scientific work of Z. A. Rogovin spanned a wide range of scientific and technological problems in the chemistry, physical chemistry, and technology of high molecular weight compounds and chemical fibers. The results of his work were highly regarded in our country: Zakhar Aleksandrovich was awarded the State Prize of the USSR three times, he was awarded orders and medals of the USSR, and evidence of his international recognition was his election as an honorary member of the International Academy of Wood Science and awarding of the Grand Silver Medal from the Chemical Fiber Manufacturers Association. S. P. Papkov began his work in 1925 as a laboratory technician at the Dinamo plant. After graduating in 1934 from the Synthetic Fiber Department of the Military Chemical Academy, Sergei Prokof’evich arrived at the Synthetic Fiber Research Institute, where he worked for a total of 42 years. A wide range of studies in the area of the physical

Thermochemical Transformations of Plant Materials

Cherry pits and hazelnut shells were investigated as inexpensive alternative feedstocks for producing carbon absorbents via thermolysis and carbonization. It was found that the absorption properties of the obtained products depended on the chemical composition of the plant materials and the thermolysis and carbonization conditions.

Production of Highly Hydrophobic Nanofiber Materials by Non-capillary Electrospinning of Solutions of Hydrophobic Polymers and Their Mixtures

We have studied the rheological characteristics of concentrated solutions of individual polymers (the fluoropolymer F-42V and a styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer Porene 121PC) and their mixtures in dimethylformamide. We have used electrospinning to obtain nanofiber and submicrofiber materials made from the indicated polymers and their mixtures. The nanofiber and submicrofiber materials, obtained by electrospinning on a Nanospider apparatus from dimethylformamide solutions of a 10:90 mixture of SAN and F-42V, have elevated hydrophobicity (wetting contact angle up to 140°).