L. Yu. Novoselova

Peat-based sorbents for the purification of contaminated environments: A review

The review surveys the most interesting published data on the development of sorbents based on peat and the applicability of these sorbents to the removal of petroleum, petroleum products, metals, surfactants, etc., from contaminated environments. Peat is an inexpensive, accessible, and effective sorbent for a wide range of biosphere pollutants. It can be used either individually or as a constituent of combined sorbents and complex composite materials.

Preparation and study of properties of sulfonic acid ion exchangers based on polypropylene fibrous material

The possibility of raising the static exchange capacity of strongly acidic ion-exchange materials produced by grafting of styrene onto polypropylene fibers, with the subsequent sulfonation of the products synthesized, was analyzed. The chemical and osmotic stabilities of the sulfonic cation exchangers obtained and their frost resistance in freeze-thaw cycles were studied.

Nanostructure of the products of the thermal treatment of ultradisperse molybdenum powder

Nanomaterials obtained by treatment of ultradisperse molybdenum powder in air at 25–650°C were studied by X-ray diffractometry. Changes in the phase composition, mean size of crystallites, microdistortions (microstresses), crystal lattices of crystallites, and texture were investigated.

The influence of thermal treatment on the properties of sorbents prepared from water conditioning precipitates

Sorbent samples based on the thermally activated precipitate formed in iron removal from under-ground water (water conditioning wastes) were studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and thermal and X-ray analysis. The precipitate was found to be a material with a developed porous structure (the specific surface area of the initial sample was 229.9 m2/g). Calcining at 300°C decreased the specific surface area of the samples by 1.6–1.7 times and increased the volume of sorbing pores by 1.6 times. The precipitate material largely contained iron phases. An increase in the temperature of calcining contributed to deeper crystallization of the main phase, α-Fe2O3.

Aluminosilicate microspheres in fly ashes from thermal power plants and their use for the removal of petroleum and phenol from water

Conditions for the thermal activation of hollow aluminosilicate microspheres separated from ash residues from the Novosibirsk TPP were chosen. The sorption properties of parent and activated microspheres toward petroleum and phenol were studied.

Utilization of water treatment sludge in processes of oil recovery from aqueous media

The potential use of iron removal sludge of freshwater treatment facilities for the recovery of oil from aqueous media was established. A high adsorption capacity for oil of this material was shown using the deep-well water iron removal sludge from the Tomsk Akademgorodok water intake site. The oil-absorbing capacity of as-recived sludge was studied, conditions for its thermal treatment were chosen, and the ability of the thermally activated sludge to recover oil from aqueous media was examined.

Structure and properties of composite nanomaterials: Products of the thermal treatment of molybdenum- and iron-containing powders

Samples of composite nanomaterials obtained by the thermal treatment of mixtures of MoO3 nano-dispersed powder and ultrafine powder of Mo with precipitate from removing iron from groundwater are studied by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The structure of these samples (phase composition, average crystallite size, microdistortions (microstresses) of their crystal lattices, and certain texture parameters) are determined. It is suggested that under certain conditions, shells from the nanoparticles of Mo and/or MoO3 are formed on the surface of sediment particles, preventing the identification of iron-containing phases. Estimates are made of the sorption activity of some materials with respect to carbon monoxide (CO).

The structure of sorbents based on thermally activated iron-containing water preparation precipitate

The structural-phase states of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, the mean size of nanocrystallites, and microdistortion in nanocrystallite crystal lattices in samples of nanostructured sorbents based on thermally activated precipitate formed in the removal of iron from groundwater were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Some magnetic characteristics of these sorbents were determined.

Hematite nanoparticle clusters with remarkably high magnetization synthesized from water-treatment waste by one-step “sharp high-temperature dehydration”

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticle clusters with an exceptionally high magnetization (51 emu g−1), comparable to that of nanoscale Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3, were synthesized for the first time. This material was prepared from water-treatment waste (iron removal precipitate) after single-step exposure to high temperature without any support (template, catalyst, surfactant, or others). The key factor was the using of a new approach, namely, “sharp high-temperature dehydration” of iron hydroxides containing adsorbed water.