Laci J. Jalics

Overview of Remote Diagnosis and Maintenance for Automotive Systems

The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAEs peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. A process is available by which discussions will be printed with the paper if it is published in SAE Transactions. Persons wishing to submit papers to be considered for presentation or publication by SAE should send the manuscript or a 300 word abstract to Secretary, Engineering Meetings Board, SAE. ABSTRACT Advances in wireless communications, model-based diagnostics, human-machine interfaces, electronics and embedded system technologies have created the foundation for a dramatic shift in the way the vehicles are diagnosed and maintained. These advances will enable vehicle diagnosis and maintenance to be performed remotely while the vehicle is being driven. There also has been recent strong consumer interest in Remote Diagnosis and Maintenance (RD&M). As a consequence, RD&M is drawing increased attention in the automotive industry. This paper provides the current status of vehicle remote diagnosis and maintenance, analyses the potential features of RD&M and their significance, and discusses how next generation automotive products could benefit from research and development in this area.

Dynamics, Stability, and Control of Stepping

The dynamics, stability, and control of stepping are considered. The role of internal models is elaborated. The main objective of the paper is to provide a better understanding of the machinery and processing in the central nervous system (CNS) that relates to stepping. The role of the vestibular system in balance and balance recovery is described. Balance and balance recovery are essential in stepping, and guarantee the stability of the system before, during, and after stepping. In sagittal standing, humans use two distinct sets of control strategies to maintain their postural stability in response to external disturbance. In one set of strategies, the configuration of the base of support, namely, the position of the feet, remains unchanged. The ankle and hip strategies are examples of postural adjustments where the feet do not move. When the disturbances are large, and move the center of mass or pressure outside the support boundaries, stepping strategies are required. A simple control strategy is proposed for illustrative purposes. Its effectiveness is verified by computer simulation of a seven-link two-dimensional sagittal biped. The applications of the model in assessing trauma and injury are discussed.

The Many Faces of Security

There are many analogies between physical security and information security. Both are concerned with protecting something of value, and both have many aspects that need to be considered to ensure the development of cost effective security practices. Repositories for items of value become targets for theft, and the transport of items of value increases the risk for theft. Some major differences between physical security and information security are the higher risk of malicious attacks with information networks, the exposure of wireless information during transmission, and that information can be stolen without being physically removed. This paper highlights the many faces of security and provides concrete examples from the literature of common security breaches, security problems and security solutions that are relevant to vehicle information systems, and tradeoffs. Emphasis is placed on the need for the development of security policies, the important role of economics in the business of security, and the recognition that security by its nature is evolutionary and not absolute.