Laela Hayu Nurani

Antibacterial Compound Identification of Cayenne Pepper Leaf Extract (Capsicum frutescens L.) against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Cell Leakage Mechanism

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma that can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aims to determine the active fraction of cayenne pepper leaves on the growth of K. pneumoniae . Cayenne pepper leaf which previously defatted using n-hexane was macerated with 95% ethanol, then fractionated successively with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Ethanol extract and each fraction with concentration of 40% were tested for their antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). 1% amoxicillin was used as positive control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as negative control. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the most active fraction was then determined. Determination of antibacterial compound in the most active fraction was carried out by TLC-bioautography and followed by Gass Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry. Cell leakage analysis was performed using UV spectrophotometry to detect the release of protein and nucleic acid, as well as Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to detect ion release of K+ and Ca2+. The results showed that the most active fraction against K. pneumoniae was the ethyl acetate fraction with MIC value of 10% and inhibition zone of 7.25±0.25 mm. TLC-Bioautography of ethyl acetate fraction with eluen n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6:4) obtained an active stain at Rf 0.12. Compounds having 94% similarity with 1-propanol, 2-amino was predicted as the active compound.

The effects of combination of Eurycoma longifolia Jack ethanolic extract and doxorubicine on hematological profile in rats given by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene

Doxorubicin (Dox) is known as anticancer drug commonly used for cancer treatment. Eurycoma longifolia Jack or Pasakbumi was reported to have chemopreventive effect. In cancer patients, there are some dysfunctions of blood parameter, therefore some hematologic tests are needed to monitor cancer patients. In this study, the effects of combination of ethanolic extract of E. longifolia Jack (EEE) and Dox on hematologic profiles were investigated in rats injected by DMBA. Rats were divided into eight groups. Group I was normal group; Group II, rats were treated with extract dose 100 mg/kgbw; Groups III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII, rats were treated with Dox, DMBA, DMBA+Dox, DMBA+EEE, DMBA+Dox +EEE, and Dox+EEE, respectively. DMBA administration orally was conducted twice a week for 5 weeks. At 16th week of treatments, bloods were taken from orbitalis sinus for hematologicals profile (levels of Hb, erytrocyte, hematocrite, leukocyte, MCV, MCH, and differencial leucocyte count) measurements. These data were analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by LSD test. DMBA administration significantly decreased the hematological profiles compared to the normal group, except in lymphocyte level. Rats treated with extract and extract+Dox were able to increase the hematological profile compared to rats given by DMBA only. Based on these findings it can be concluded that the combination of EEE and Dox potentially increase hematological profile of rats given by DMBA.

UJI AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN POLIMERISASI HEME (1)-N-(2-NITROBENZIL)-1,10- FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA DAN (1)-N-(4-NITROBENZIL)-1,10- FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA SECARA IN VITRO

The inhibitory activity of heme polymerization of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide have been done. This study aims to analyse the (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide as inhibitory of polimerization heme. Analysis of heme inhibtory polimerization activity used the experimental in vitro method. The activity showed by IC50 (the capable concentration of extract to inhibiting polymerization heme by 50% ). The IC50 value acquired by probit analysis. Assess IC50 of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)- 1,10-phenantrolinium iodide not to be identified, (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and chloroquine by successively are 0,571±0,071; 25,498±1,876 mg/mL. The result showed the (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide had the highest value of the heme polymerization inhibitory activity than chloroquin, (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide hadn’t the heme polymerization inhibitory activity.

UJI SITOTOKSISITAS DAN ANTIPROLIFERATIF FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI JINTEN HITAM (Nigella sativa, Lour) TERHADAP SEL MIELOMA

Cancer is the formation of new tissue which is abnormal and malignant. A group of cells suddenly become disorganized and reduplicate themselves rigorously (hyperproliferation). Nigella sativa L. is one of the herbs which have an anticancer effect. This research aims to assess the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of Nigella sativa L. ethanol extract of Myeloma cells. Ethanolic extract was produced from Nigella sativa L. powder with maseration method. The cytotoxicity test was done by incubating Myeloma cells with the treatment concentration group of N. sativa L. ethyl acetic fraction of ethanolic extract 2000; 1000; 500; 250; and 62,5 µg/ml, respectively. The test was done with an MTT method and then with a calculation of its death percentage. The LC50 is calculated using a probit analysis method. The test was then continued with the antiproliferative test to assess the doubling time at treatment concentration 125; 62,5 µg/ml and cellular control at hours 24, 48, and 72. The results showed that Nigella sativa L. ethanolic extract had cytotoxic activity towards the Mieloma cells with an LC50 value 177,01 µg/ml. The antiproliferative test showed that there was a growth inhibition, even cell death at the extract treatments. The doubling time was 253 hours at 62,5 µg/ml concentration, 298,4 hours at 125 ug/ml, while the cell control had 54,52 hours.