Laisa Antonela dos Santos

Use of positive pressure in the bariatric surgery and effects on pulmonary function and prevalence of atelectasis: randomized and blinded clinical trial

Background In surgical procedures, obesity is a risk factor for the onset of intra and postoperative respiratory complications. Aim Determine what moment of application of positive pressure brings better benefits on lung function, incidence of atelectasis and diaphragmatic excursion, in the preoperative, intraoperative or immediate postoperative period. Method Randomized, controlled, blinded study, conducted in a hospital and included subjects with BMI between 40 and 55 kg/m2, 25 and 55 years, underwent bariatric surgery by laparotomy. They were underwent preoperative and postoperative evaluations. They were allocated into four different groups: 1) Gpre: treated with positive pressure in the BiPAP mode (Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure) before surgery for one hour; 2) Gpos: BIPAP after surgery for one hour; 3) Gintra: PEEP (Positive End Expiratory Pressure) at 10 cmH2O during the surgery; 4) Gcontrol: only conventional respiratory physiotherapy. The evaluation consisted of anthropometric data, pulmonary function tests and chest radiography. Results Were allocated 40 patients, 10 in each group. There were significant differences for the expiratory reserve volume and percentage of the predicted expiratory reserve volume, in which the groups that received treatment showed a smaller loss in expiratory reserve volume from the preoperative to postoperative stages. The postoperative radiographic analysis showed a 25% prevalence of atelectasis for Gcontrol, 11.1% for Gintra, 10% for Gpre, and 0% for Gpos. There was no significant difference in diaphragmatic mobility amongst the groups. Conclusion The optimal time of application of positive pressure is in the immediate postoperative period, immediately after extubation, because it reduces the incidence of atelectasis and there is reduction of loss of expiratory reserve volume.

Efeitos da estimulação diafragmática elétrica transcutânea na função pulmonar em idosos

INTRODUCTION: Aging causes changes in several organ systems, including the respiratory system, highlighting changes in the respiratory control centers, chemoreceptors, bone density on the rib cage and decreased elasticity of the respiratory muscles. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a program of respiratory muscle training through transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation (TEDS) on pulmonary function in the elderly. METHOD: Twenty-one seniors were divided into two groups: control (CG), composed of seven individuals with mean age of 69.86±3.48 years, and experimental group (EG), composed of 14 volunteers with a mean age of 71.36±4.73 years, submitted to TEDS training for two weeks. We evaluated the volumes and lung capacities, as tidal volume (VT), minute volume (MV), inspiratory capacity (IC) and vital capacity (VC) and respiratory muscle strength in the first and tenth session. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test was used for appropriate statistic comparisons, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: In intragroup comparisons, only EG showed an increase in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and tidal volume (VT) after training. CONCLUSION: Muscle training through use of TEDS promoted improvement in respiratory muscle strength and tidal volume. Trial registration: RBR-5dmpkr.