Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Role of Metformin in Ovulation Induction

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with comorbidities such as obesity, reduced glucose tolerance, hypertension, macrovascular disease and dyslipidemia. The Metabolic syndrome occurs in 30% of women with PCOS. Metformin has increasingly been used in this therapy due to its effects in reducing insulin resistance. Treatment of PCOS aims to reduce the symptoms of hyperandrogenism, regularize the menstrual cycle, reduce metabolic abnormalities, and lower the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of cardiovascular disease. Additionally it is important to prevent hyperplasia and endometrial cancer, and to offer contraception to those who do not wish pregnancy, and to help to induce ovulation to those who do. The effectiveness of metformin in this treatment is assessed in the light of the current best evidence.

Type 3 polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: association of lada, hashimoto's thyroiditis and celiac syndrome

Background Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome (PAS) was first described by Neufeld et al in 1980 as a syndrome involving multiple organs with endocrine disorders with hypofunction of the involved organ. The peak age-specific incidence occurs between 20 to 60 yrs. of age. Type 3 Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome is defined as autoimmune thyroiditis in association with Type 1 Diabetes; Type 3A when associated to Sarcoidosis or Celiac Disease, associated to Pernicious Anemia on Type 3B, or with Vitiligo or Alopecia on Type 3C.