Larissa Macedo dos Santos

Estudo comparativo de métodos para a determinação da concentração de carbono em solos com altos teores de Fe (Latossolos)

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Therefore, the amount of SOM is important for soil management for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of SOM in oxisols by different methods and compare them, using principal component analysis, regarding their limitations. The methods used in this work were Walkley-Black, elemental analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) and thermogravimetry. According to our results, TOC and elemental analysis were the most satisfactory methods for carbon quantification, due to their better accuracy and reproducibility.

APPLICATION OF FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, CHEMICAL AND CHEMOMETRICS ANALYSES TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Agroindustrial waste in general presents significant levels of nutrients and organic matter and has therefore been frequently put to agricultural use. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and carbon content, as well as the qualitative characteristics through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of four samples of poultry litter and one sample of cattle manure, from the southwestern region of Parana, Brazil. Results revealed that, in general, the poultry litter presented higher amount of nutrients and carbon than the cattle manure. The infrared spectra allowed identification of the functional groups present and the differences in degree of sample humification. The statistical treatment confirmed the quantitative and qualitative differences revealed.

Viabilidade do emprego de ácido fluorídrico 10% para a remoção de íons paramagnéticos em amostras de solos e suas respectivas frações físicas

ABSTRACT: Treated sewage effluent utilization for irrigation represents an antique, popular and attractive alternative to the common disposal of effluent to watercourses and includes three main purposes: effluent complementary treatment, water and nutrient source to the soil-plant system. However, because in Brazil no experiences in wastewater recycling exists consequent-ly few scientific studies were carried out despite the importance of the subject. The present study aimed to evaluate by chemical and spectroscopy techniques the soil organic matter from soils irrigated with treated sewage effluent. Five treatments were evaluated: TSI (control) - irrigation with potable water and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer; T100, T125, T150 and T200 - irrigation with treated sewage sludge effluent and addition of the nitrogen as mineral fertilizer. The results obtained shown changes in the carbon contend and humification degree for the soils irrigated with treated sewage sludge effluent due to the increase activity of the decomposition of organic matter, stimulated by the increase of water in the soil.

The Use of Spectroscopic Techniques to Determine the Degree of Humification in Soil Amended with Poultry Litter

The adoption of management practices that promote fertility is essential to maintain the quality of agricultural soil. An example of a practice that has been used in order to increase the organic matter content of the soil and, consequently, soil quality, is the application of organic fertilizers. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of poultry litter application on the degree of organic matter humification in an Oxisol under no-tillage, using spectroscopic techniques. The spectroscopic techniques used were laser induced fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible absorption and Fourier transformed infrared. The results obtained revealed that the use of poultry litter reduced organic matter humification in the superficial layers (0-2.5 and 2.5-5 cm) of the studied soil. Deeper layers probably did not suffer alterations due to the short time frame of the experiment.

Evaluation of Decomposition Procedure to Determine Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn, V, and Zn Total Content in Soil Samples

Different procedures have been proposed to decompose soil samples. Most of them regard determination with fertility aims. In this case, the contents available to the plants are considered. On the other hand, there are procedures to determine total content. The objective of this work was to propose a new decomposition procedure to determine barium (Ba), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) total content in tropical soils with high content of oxides and silicate. According to the results, the digestion procedure proposed in this study provided satisfactory results for the contents recovery for the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, and Zn, above 90%, and the use of inverted aqua regia, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrofluoric acid (HF), pre-digestions and agitation was shown as a new alternative for the high silicate content soil sample total digestion, such as the oxisols.