Larry Hochhaus
Oklahoma State University–Stillwater
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Featured researches published by Larry Hochhaus.
Memory & Cognition | 1974
Gary B. Forbach; Larry Hochhaus
Ss classified visually presented verbal units into the categories “in your vocabulary” or “not in your vocabulary.” The primary concern of the experiment was to determine if making a prior decision on a given item affects the latency of a subsequent lexical decision for the same item. Words of both high and low frequency showed a systematic reduction in the latency of a lexical decision as a consequence of prior decisions (priming) but did not show any reduction due to nonspecific practice effects. Nonwords showed no priming effect but did show shorter latencies due to nonspecific practice. The results also indicated that many (at least 36) words can be in the primed state simultaneously and that the effect persists for at least 10 min. The general interpretation was that priming produces an alteration in the representation of a word in memory and can facilitate the terminal portion of the memory search process which is assumed to be random.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance | 1991
Larry Hochhaus; Kathleen M. Marohn
A visual prime succeeded by a brief target produces a paradox. Namely, target repetition yields poorer identification accuracy and shorter duration judgments than unrelated prime-target pairs. Experiment 1 manipulated stimulus onset asynchrony to learn when repetition blindness is maximized. Experiments 2 and 3 manipulated expectancy of repetitions through changes in the proportion of repeated trials and instructions, respectively. Results indicate that repetition blindness is influenced by subject strategies and that the change is not mediated by response bias. Experiment 4 showed that increasing the spatial distance between prime and target reduced but did not eliminate repetition blindness. The current data support joint explanation of repetition blindness in terms of perceptual capture (prime-target fusion) and token individuation failure (problems in encoding episodic reoccurrences of an event).
Attention Perception & Psychophysics | 1976
Gary Thorson; Larry Hochhaus
The objective of the present experiment was to examine the nature of the coding process in a letter-matching task. Letter pairs that were either visually confusable or acoustically confusable or both visually and acoustically confusable were presented tachistoscopically with a variable interval between the first letter and the comparison letter. The dependent measure was RT for the “different” responses to the three types of confusable items which were each assessed at four interstimulus intervals ranging from 0 to 2 sec. The results indicate that a visual code appears to be emphasized for approximately 1 sec, after which an acoustic code seems to be dominant. There is also evidence which indicates that the acoustic code does not immediately replace the visual code and that both may coexist for a brief period of time.
Bulletin of the psychonomic society | 1988
Kathleen M. Marohn; Larry Hochhaus
Jacoby and Dallas (1981) were the first to label the perceptual enhancement of a stimulus due to a prior presentation as “relative perceptual fluency.” Our earlier work (Marohn & Hochhaus, in press) demonstrated that consecutive repetition priming and consecutive semantic priming have different effects on perceptual fluency, wherein repetition priming causes a phenomenon we call “perceptual blindness,” in which the subject fails to perceive the second presentation. Is this failure simply a result of the exact physical repetition of the priming stimulus? The present experiment was a follow-up study designed to ascertain what effect a change in letter case format would have on the perceptual fluency of the repeated target word. Repetition in a different letter case showed that this “cognitive refractoriness” generalizes to different test conditions and goes beyond the physical features of the letters to the word as a whole unit.
Attention Perception & Psychophysics | 1985
B. L. Everett; Larry Hochhaus; Joe Ray Brown
The purpose of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of visual stimulus intensity, visual degradation, stimulus-response compatibility, and practice on vocalization latency in a letter-naming task. By means of a factorial design, 12 college students each received all treatment combinations across each of 3 days. Analysis of variance showed that each of the four manipulations had a significant effect on mean letter-naming time, but no two-factor or higher order interaction was significant. Error rate was affected only by degradation. Using the logic of the additive factor method, the data are consistent with Sanders’ (1983) four-stage model of visual character identification in which recognition intensity, degradation, compatibility, and practice affect serial stages corresponding to preprocessing, feature extraction, response choice, and motor adjustment operations. When the less restrictive assumptions of McClelland’s (1979) cascade model are applied, the data permit the inference of multiple processes and support the conclusion that at least three hypothetical components represent information processing in the task.
Journal of General Psychology | 1988
Kathleen M. Marohn; Larry Hochhaus
Abstract Relative perceptual fluency refers to perceptual enhancement of a stimulus on subsequent recognition testing as a consequence of prior study of that stimulus. We attempted to connect the mechanism of semantic priming with perceptual fluency and to confirm the effects of priming on identification accuracy. The method involved sequential computer presentation of pairs of words under three conditions: unrelated pairing, semantic priming, and repetition priming. Compared to unrelated targets, semantically related targets had longer apparent durations (and greater identification accuracy). Repeated targets had shorter apparent durations (and poorer accuracy) than unrelated control targets had. Semantic priming therefore affected the fluency with which target words were perceived and increased apparent duration. Literal repetition of a word may diminish processing of the second presentation.
Journal of General Psychology | 1991
Larry Hochhaus; Leila G. Swanson; Ann L. Carter
Studies disagree regarding the relationship between word frequency and apparent duration. The present experiments evaluate factors that might explain conflict in prior studies. In Experiment 1, word frequency was manipulated factorially with three stimulus durations. High-frequency words were judged longer in duration than low-frequency words at each exposure duration. When briefer durations were used in Experiment 2, frequency did not affect subjective duration. In Experiment 3, a wider range of frequency restored the longer apparent duration of high-frequency words. Use of a postexposure mask lengthened duration judgments but did not interact with the frequency effect. Use of a paired comparison procedure in Experiment 4 again showed the frequency effect. The results are consistent with an attentional model that suggests that subjective time estimation is directly related to the amount of attention remaining to evaluate the passage of time once the stimulus target has been cognitively processed.
Behavior Research Methods | 1983
Larry Hochhaus; Steve Carver; Joe Ray Brown
An inexpensive, easy-to-build device for the Apple II microprocessor is described. The modification permits software control of four levels of relative screen intensity (contrast) settings for any video monitor. The relationship of the technology to choice reaction time and perception research is briefly indicated. Principles governing operation of the modification are also discussed. Finally, a set of step-by-step instructions for building the device is provided.
Bulletin of the psychonomic society | 1977
Gary Thorson; Larry Hochhaus
Sixty subjects from Oklahoma State University viewed a videotape of an automobile accident. Half of the subjects were given prior information concerning (1) the nature of the event they were about to see and (2) the types of questions that would be asked later. The other half of the subjects received no prior information concerning the event or the questions. In addition, subjects were given either a neutral/nonleading questionnaire or a biased/leading questionnaire after viewing the scene. Results indicated that the leading questions led to higher estimates of speed. Prior information did not make the subjects immune to the effects of leading questions on estimates of speed. In addition, informed subjects were more accurate when identifying the types of cars involved.
Bulletin of the psychonomic society | 1975
Robert B. Dick; Larry Hochhaus
The 11 subjects memorized variable lists of either one or three spoken consonant-vowel (CV) syllables. Each list (positive set) was followed by a spoken CV test syllable and subject’s task was to indicate whether or not the test syllable matched a syllable from the list. Negative test probes were either phonemically distinct from items in the list or were phonemically similar to list items. Reaction time (RT) increased with list length and RT was faster to positive than to negative probes. Additionally, a significantly faster memory scanning rate was observed for phonemically distinct negative probes (53 msec/item) than for negative test probes which were similar to items in the positive set (81 msec/item). Contrary to earlier research it was concluded that phonological distinctive features have a large effect on memory search RT.