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Featured researches published by Larry Rhodes.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1994

Realigning Organizational Culture, Resources, and Community Roles: Changeover to Community Employment

Joyce M. Albin; Larry Rhodes; David Mank

Although adults with severe mental retardation were one of the primary target groups intended to benefit from supported employment when it first emerged, the vast majority continue to be served in segregated sheltered work or non-work settings. To change this picture, many have believed that resources currently invested in day activity and sheltered employment programs must be redirected to supported employment. Recent studies suggest, however, that most rehabilitation organizations are adding supported employment to their existing array of services, rather than pursuing total changeover from facility-based to community-based employment support. If these data reflect the national experience, the anticipated and necessary shift of resources from segregated to community employment services is not occurring. To supplement existing data, a telephone survey was conducted of eight rehabilitation organizations pursuing changeover. This paper provides information on the experience of these eight organizations related to their reinvestment and agency changeover to supported employment, and offers recommendations for the future.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1991

Expanding the Role of Employers in Supported Employment

Larry Rhodes; Dennis Sandow; David Mank; Jay Buckley; Joyce M. Albin

Since the Workforce 2000 report documenting labor trends and issues was released by the Hudson Institute in 1987, business and industry have been reevaluating how support is provided to employees. Employee assistance programs, renewed investment in training, and other accommodations for an increasingly diverse workforce present an unparalleled opportunity to bring supported employment technology, values, and systems to contemporary business. This paper is an initial attempt at reconceptualizing supported employment and the role of employers in providing support. Changing strategies and future research questions that may need to be addressed are discussed.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1985

Industry-Based Supported Employment: An Enclave Approach.

Larry Rhodes; Lee Valenta

Most individuals labeled severely handicapped remain unemployed in segregated institutions, activity programs, and work activity centers despite repeated demonstrations of vocational competence. This discrepancy presents a challenge to create alternatives to current services that will provide employment benefits and job security to individuals within the least restrictive environment possible. This article describes a program model that provides ongoing supported employment within a normal industrial setting to six persons previously judged to have severe handicaps. After 1 year, employees have dramatically increased earnings and productivity over previous earnings and national averages, and public costs have declined to one third the costs of alternative state programs.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1984

Quality and Equality in Employment Services for Adults with Severe Disabilities.

G. Thomas Bellamy; Larry Rhodes; Barbara Wilcox; Joyce M. Albin; David Mank; Shawn M. Boles; Robert H. Horner; Michael Collins; Joe Turner

This paper responds to Brown et al. (1984), who propose an extended training program involving work without pay in integrated settings for adults with severe intellectual handicaps. While agreeing about the capability of persons with disabilities, the importance of integration, and the failings of typical services, we believe that their extended training proposal represents an unnecessary retreat from values that have guided development of exemplary school and community services for persons with severe handicaps. As an extended outcome of services, the proposed program needlessly sacrifices wages and other employment benefits, distorts the benefits of integration by looking only at the workplace, and tolerates unequal treatment of citizens with severe handicaps. Relying on unpaid work as a strategy for time-limited employment preparation creates the risk of overuse and of perpetual readiness programming, suggesting that professional effort could be better spent in development of supported employment opportunities. Current federally supported employment initiatives provide a framework for combining wages and integration and offer support for local program development.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1987

Economic Evaluation of Employment Services: A Review of Applications

Larry Rhodes; Kenneth D. Ramsing; Mark Hill

A majority of states are engaged in the process of establishing community-based employment programs for persons with severe disabilities. The application of benefit-cost procedures frequently has been suggested as a method of comparing or evaluating alternative approaches. This article provides an overview of benefit-cost analysis and its limitations, and reviews the applications of benefit-cost analysis within vocational programs for persons with disabilities.


The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps | 1989

Supported Employment in the Public Sector: Procedural Issues in Implementation.

Larry Rhodes; Charles Drum

Supported employment for persons with severe disabilities has maintained a focus upon jobs within private industry, frequently bypassing opportunities within the public sector. Although public employment represents a large percentage of available jobs, many states have reported procedural regulations that create barriers to establishing supported employment in public jobs. A survey of 10 states was conducted to identify policy or procedural barriers that present particular problems in implementing supported employment. Results indicate the presence of hiring procedures that discourage or limit employment for many persons having severe disabilities. Suggestions are made for modifying civil service practices to reduce or eliminate the effects of certain barriers and to facilitate development of supported employment within public jobs. The authors suggest that reasonable accommodations for employing persons with severe disabilities in the public sector should require consideration of the ongoing support available through supported employment, as well as review of how job activities are classified and minimum qualifications perceived.


Journal of Disability Policy Studies | 1990

Supported Employment Implementation Shifting from Program Monitoring to Quality Improvement

Larry Rhodes; David Mank; Dennis Sandow; Jay Buckley; Joyce M. Albin

The national proliferation of supported employment services for people with severe disabilities has governmental funders and regulators scrambling for standards upon which to judge the adequacy of these new services. The task is complicated by the variability in both employer needs and service requirements for supported employees as well as the community resources available to meet these needs. Conventional monitoring provides some safeguards against major abuses to persons receiving services, but does little to satisfy consumer, advocate, or policymaker interest in promoting quality assurance in service provision. Issues are raised within this paper regarding the appropriateness and effectiveness of methods traditionally used by states to monitor or promote quality assurance. Guidelines are suggested for developing state quality assurance systems that will promote continuous improvement. It is maintained that states should promote the development of systems that move beyond conventional monitoring approaches, and that tie program assistance to areas where needed improvements are identified that directly benefit individuals with severe disabilities.


Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation | 1991

Quality Assurance in Supported Employment

David Mank; Dennis Sandow; Larry Rhodes

The rapid expansion of supported employment has generated calls for adopting standards to ensure quality services. This article discusses state actions that might be taken to promote the quality of supported employment services. The difficulty that states have in investing and assuring high quality is also discussed. It is proposed that quality assurance systems for supported employment include such features as incentives for performance; data systems that are timely and result in feedback and assistance to providers; investment in local oumership; and a decrease in the amount of costly behaviors that are required to meet standards, but do not influence quality improvements.


Remedial and Special Education | 1986

Supported Employment An Initiative for Employing Persons with Severe Developmental Disabilities

Larry Rhodes

For many years, it has generally been recognized that persons having severe developmental disabilities could learn vocational tasks and perform these tasks productively in work settings. Techniques for developing vocational skills and related work behaviors are now widely available, yet most adults having severe disabilities remain without employment. Recent federal activities, including the passage of the Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984, have focused attention upon creating employment options for persons regardless of their level of disability. This article examines the emerging features of “supported employment,” a framework for employing persons normally served in segregated day activity and work activity centers.


Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation | 1993

A Paradigm Shift

Kenneth R. Ramsing; Larry Rhodes; Dennis Sandow; David Mank

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Mark Hill

Virginia Commonwealth University

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