Laura Martínez-Martínez

Parasitoides Asociados a Anthonomus sisyphus Clark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en Frutos de Nanche Rojo (Malpighia mexicana) en Oaxaca, México

Abstract. Malpighia mexicana, or red nanche, is a plant with edible fruits, used on crafts and medicine, as well as for the establishment of living fences. The objective of this work was to catalog the parasitoids associated with Anthonomus sisyphus Clark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the fruit of M. mexicana in the central valleys of Oaxaca, México. The sampling sites were located in San Lorenzo Cacaotepec and the Ethnobotanical Garden of Santo Domingo. From 2005 to 2007, mature red nanche fruits were collected weekly to determine the emergency of the parasitoids. The fruits were weighed, counted and placed in trays. The greatest infestation was found in San Lorenzo Cacaotepec with 1.16 to 1.44 weevils per fruit while in the Ethnobotanical Garden were 0.74 to 1.18 weevils per fruit. Seven different species of parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae, Pteromalidae, and Eupelmidae were found associated with A. sisyphus. The most abundant species were Triaspis eugenii, Diospilus sp., and Bracon sp. The Ethnobotanical Garden was the site with the greatest abundance of species of parasitoids and presented the highest level of parasitism. The species with the highest proportion of males were Bracon sp. in 2005 and 2007 and T. eugenii in 2006.

Biological Control of Phyllophaga vetula (Horn)1 with Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Various Formulations and Moisture Conditions

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using formulations of entomopathogenic nematodes in two soil moisture conditions for effective control of larvae of white grub, Phyllophaga vetula (Horn) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). Mortality of P. vetula larvae was compared using Steinernema glaseri Steiner, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev in three forms of application (formulated in cadavers of Galleria mellonella L. larvae, bentonite pellet, and aqueous suspension) and two soil moisture conditions (moderate,11.8%, and high, 20.5%). The difference among treatments was very significant: S. glaseri was the most effective nematode, killing 75% of larvae when applied in aqueous suspension with moderate moisture. Next most effective was S. glaseri in cadavers with the same moisture conditions that killed 55%. The nematodes H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae applied in all three forms (aqueous medium, infected cadaver, and bentonite pellet) and with the two moisture conditions (11.8 and 20.5%) were statistically similar to the check and did not control Ph. vetula.

First Record of Toxomerus politus1 Larvae Preying on Sentinel Eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda2 on Maize

Resumen. Se documenta por primera vez la presencia de larvas de Toxomerus politus depredando huevos de Spodoptera frugiperda colocados en hojas de maíz en Oaxaca, México.