Lauren S. Hughes

Community Vital Signs: Taking the Pulse of the Community While Caring for Patients

In 2014 both the Institute of Medicine and the National Quality Forum recommended the inclusion of social determinants of health data in electronic health records (EHRs). Both entities primarily focus on collecting socioeconomic and health behavior data directly from individual patients. The burden of reliably, accurately, and consistently collecting such information is substantial, and it may take several years before a primary care team has actionable data available in its EHR. A more reliable and less burdensome approach to integrating clinical and social determinant data exists and is technologically feasible now. Community vital signs—aggregated community-level information about the neighborhoods in which our patients live, learn, work, and play—convey contextual social deprivation and associated chronic disease risks based on where patients live. Given widespread access to “big data” and geospatial technologies, community vital signs can be created by linking aggregated population health data with patient addresses in EHRs. These linked data, once imported into EHRs, are a readily available resource to help primary care practices understand the context in which their patients reside and achieve important health goals at the patient, population, and policy levels.

A Countercultural Heritage: Rediscovering the Relationship-Centered and Social Justice Roots of Family Medicine—A Perspective from the Keystone IV Conference

The 2015 G. Gayle Stephens Keystone conference convened a cohort of primary care professionals to discuss what promises personal physicians will make to their patients going forward. New physicians were prompted to rediscover the foundational values of and historic context for family medicine. At the heart of this rediscovery was learning of the writings and teachings of Dr. G. Gayle Stephens, a founder of family medicine who emphasized the essentiality of relationship-centered care and social justice to the new specialty. Dr. Stephens viewed family medicine as being in a countercultural relationship to mainstream medicine, as family medicine fought for justice and equity in an inequitable and fragmented health care system. Here we argue that by reaffirming and renewing this countercultural heritage the new generation of family physicians will have better clarity in approaching the many challenges in health care today. Particularly for trainees and new physicians, the historic lens offered by Dr. Stephenss writing and other foundational documents allows us to better see ourselves in a trajectory of ongoing health care reform.

Social Determinants of Health and Primary Care: Intentionality Is Key to the Data We Collect and the Interventions We Pursue

Social determinants of health (SDOHs)—the conditions where we live, learn, work, and play—often influence the lives of patients much more than health care services. Family physicians in particular witness the impact of these factors on a daily basis in clinical practice, and they have begun to screen for SDOHs and intervene when appropriate to mitigate their effects. This issue of the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine focuses on SDOH data collection and analysis that informs patient care, population health, and policy interventions. Collectively, this series of articles establishes the foundation for a robust SDOH research agenda for primary care.