Laurent Ouédraogo

Use of cutaneous depigmenting products by women in two towns in Burkina Faso: epidemiologic data, motivations, products and side effects

The use by women of cosmetic products to modify skin color in order to “improve” their appearance and to increase their powers of seduction probably dates from the dawn of time. The products used have varied through time and from place to place, and often according to current ideas of beauty. Black women have been using depigmenting cosmetic products for over a quarter of a century. 1 Their use of these products is clearly increasing worldwide. 1–4 In Burkina Faso, data on this practice exist for the town of Ouagadougou, but no study has previously been carried out in Bobo-Dioulasso, the second city of the country. In this town the practice seems more prevalent. 1,2 The purpose of this study was to evaluate and re-evaluate the situations in Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou, respectively, and specifically to determine the current prevalence of this practice, to identify the products used, to investigate the motivations of the women using the products, and finally to describe dermatologic complications.

Factors associated with data quality in the routine health information system of Benin

BackgroundRoutine health information systems (RHIS) are crucial to the acquisition of data for health sector planning. In developing countries, the insufficient quality of the data produced by these systems limits their usefulness in regards to decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with poor data quality in the RHIS in Benin.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study included health workers who were responsible for data collection in public and private health centers. The technique and tools used were an interview with a self-administered questionnaire. The dependent variable was the quality of the data. The independent variables were socio-demographic and work-related characteristics, personal and work-related resources, and the perception of the technical factors. The quality of the data was assessed using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method. We used survival analysis with univariate proportional hazards (PH) Cox models to derive hazards ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Focus group data were evaluated with a content analysis.ResultsA significant link was found between data quality and level of responsibility (p = 0.011), sector of employment (p = 0.007), RHIS training (p = 0.026), level of work engagement (p < 0.001), and the level of perceived self-efficacy (p = 0.03). The focus groups confirmed a positive relationship with organizational factors such as the availability of resources, supervision, and the perceived complexity of the technical factors.ConclusionThis exploratory study identified several factors associated with the quality of the data in the RHIS in Benin. The results could provide strategic decision support in improving the system’s performance.

Psychometric properties of Moore version of WHOQOL HIV-BREF in persons living with HIV in Burkina Faso

This study aims to examine psychometric properties of Moore version of World Health Organizations Quality of Life assessment short instrument in HIV patients (WHOQOL HIV-BREF). A study was conducted on 100 persons living with HIV/AIDS in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbachs α. For the convergent validity of the Moore version WHOQOL-HIV BREF, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was used as a comparison instrument and cross-product correlations were calculated. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient. The study showed high internal consistency with Cronbachs α at 0.92 for the whole instrument. According to domains, Cronbachs α found was ranged from 0.58 to 0.87, showing acceptable internal consistency for all domains. Domains scores for test-retest reliability, using Interclass Correlation gave coefficients ranged from 0.40 (Spiritual domain) to 0.99 (Level of Independence domain) with p 0.05). As a demonstrated cross-cultural instrument, the WHOQOL HIV-BREF in its Moore version can be used for quality of life assessment in a routine way or longitudinal studies in Burkina Faso with persons living with HIV/AIDS

Evaluation de la performance du système de gestion logistique des Intrants de Lutte contre le paludisme dans le Département du Littoral, au Bénin, en 2017

Introduction Cette étude visait à évaluer la performance du système de gestion logistique (SGL) des intrants de lutte contre le paludisme (ILP) dans le Département du Littoral, au Bénin, en 2017. Méthodes Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale évaluative qui s’était déroulée en juin 2017. Elle portait sur les structures de stockage et de cession des ILP ainsi que le personnel impliqué dans leur gestion. La performance du SGL était évaluée à partir de la conformité observée pour les composantes et sous-composantes de la « Structure », du « Processus » et des « Résultats » par rapport aux normes ou standards définis par le Ministère de la Santé. Résultats Un total de 36 structures a été enquêté avec leurs cibles secondaires. Il résulte que 52,78% des dépôts répartiteurs réunissaient les conditions optimales de stockage des intrants alors que seulement 33,33% des agents chargés de la gestion des ILP étaient formés en gestion logistique. La performance du SGL des ILP était insuffisante (conformité de 59,13% par rapport au score attendu). La structure, ainsi que le processus avaient une conformité Insuffisante par rapport aux normes (respectivement 60,20% et 73,22% du score attendu), engendrant des résultats jugés mauvais (41,53% du score attendu). La sous-composante la plus insuffisante était le système d’information de la gestion logistique (SIGL). Conclusion Cette étude met en évidence la place du SIGL pour une meilleure performance de la gestion des ILP. Une attention particulière devra être accordée à ce volet.

Perception of Beninese on intimate partner violence: evidence from 2011-2012 Benin demographic health survey

BackgroundViolence against women remains an important issue of inequality in African societies, with several consequences to health, social and economic status. This study aims to identify the factors related to the perception of intimate partner violence in Benin.MethodsData on intimate partner violence was collected by conducting live interviews, and from the Benin Demographic and Health Survey 2012. The dependent variable was acceptance of intimate partner violence. The independent variables were socio-demographic features such as age, level of education, matrimonial status, ethnicity, religion, place of residence and the index of economic well-being. Logistic regressions were performed and odds ratios (OR) with a confidence interval of 95% (CI95%) were estimated.ResultsAmong the 21,574 people who answered the questions relating to violence against women by an intimate partner, the prevalence of acceptance of intimate partner violence was 15.77%. Ethnicity, level of education, administrative department of residence, religion, and socio-economic quintile were factors associated with the respondents’ acceptance of violence against women by an intimate partner.ConclusionAcceptance of intimate partner violence could be a major obstacle to the success of some health programs. There is a need to break the norms that support the vulnerability of women in Beninese society.

Evaluation des Connaissances-Attitudes-Pratiques des populations des districts sanitaires de Benoye, Laoukassy, Moundou et N'Djaména Sud sur la rage canine au Tchad.

INTRODUCTION Canine rabies remains a concern in Africa as well as in Chad. Our study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the populations towards the appropriate management of people exposed to canine rabies and effective fight against it. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study in four health districts in Chad in July and in September 2015. Data were collected from households recruited by three-stage random sampling by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS We conducted a survey of 2428 individuals having completed at least primary education level (54,12%). The average age was 36 ± 13.50 years. Surveyed individuals were farmers (35,17%), merchants (18,04%), households (12.81%). Rabies was defined as a disease transmitted from the dog to the man (41.43%), an alteration in brain function (41.27%), an undernourishment (10.26%). The cat was little-known to be a reservoir(13.84%) and a vector (19,77%) as well as licking was little-known to be a transmission medium (4.61%) and cat vaccination to be a preventive measure (0.49%). First aid for a bite at home was the traditional practice (47,69%), wounds washing (19.48%) or no action undertaken (20.43%). Households consulted the Health Service (78.50%), the Animal Health Service (5.35%) and the traditional healers (27%). CONCLUSION A communication campaing for implementing first aid at home in the event of a bite, knowledge about the cat as a reservoir and a vector and licking as a transmission medium as well as the promotion of the consultation of veterinary services in the event of a bite are necessary.Introduction La rage canine demeure une préoccupation en Afrique comme au Tchad. La présente étude vise à évaluer les Connaissances-Attitudes-Pratiques des populations pour la prise en charge appropriée des personnes exposées et une lutte efficace. Méthodes C’était une étude transversale descriptive réalisée en juillet et septembre dans quatre districts sanitaires au Tchad en 2015. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide d’un questionnaire auprès des ménages recrutés suivant un sondage aléatoire à 3 degrés. Résultats C’était 2428 personnes enquêtées avec un niveau maximum primaire (54,12%). L’âge moyen était de 36 ± 13,50 ans. Ils étaient cultivateurs (35,17%), commerçants (18,04%), ménagères (12,81%). La rage était définie comme une maladie transmise du chien à l’homme (41,43%), une altération du cerveau (41,27%), une sous-alimentation (10,26%). Le chat était faiblement connu réservoir (13,84%) et vecteur (19,77%) ainsi que la griffure comme moyen de transmission (4,61%) et la vaccination du chat comme mesure préventive (0,49%). Les premiers soins en cas de morsure à domicile étaient les pratiques traditionnelles (47,69%), le lavage des plaies (19,48%) ou aucune action entreprise (20,43%). Les ménages consultaient la santé humaine (78,50%), la santé animale (5,35%) et les guérisseurs traditionnels (27%). Conclusion La communication en rapport avec des premiers soins à la maison en cas de morsure, la connaissance du chat comme réservoir et vecteur, celle de la griffure comme moyen de transmission et la promotion de la consultation des services vétérinaires en cas de morsure sont nécessaires.

Management of information within emergencies departments in developing countries: analysis at the National Emergency Department in Benin

Introduction The management of health information is a key pillar in both emergencies reception and handling facilities, given the strategic position and the potential of these facilities within hospitals, and in the monitoring of public health and epidemiology. With the technological revolution, computerization made the information systems evolve in emergency departments, especially in developed countries, with improved performance in terms of care quality, productivity and patient satisfaction. This study analyses the situation of Benin in this field, through the case of the Academic Clinic of Emergency Department of the National University Teaching Hospital of Cotonou, the national reference hospital. Methods The study is cross-sectional and evaluative. Collection techniques are literature review and structured interviews. The components rated are resources, indicators, data sources, data management and the use-dissemination of the information through a model adapted from Health Metrics Network framework. We used quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results The absence of a regulatory framework restricts the operation of the system in all components and accounts for the lack and inadequacy of the dedicated resources. Conclusion Dedication of more resources for this system for crucial needs such as computerization requires sensitization and greater awareness of the administrative authorities about the fact that an effective health information management system is of prime importance in this type of facility.

Magnitude of Maternal Anaemia in Rural Burkina Faso: Contribution of Nutritional Factors and Infectious Diseases

Background. Maternal anaemia is a worldwide public health problem affecting particularly developing countries. In Burkina Faso, little data is available for rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of maternal anaemia and the risk factors associated with it in the rural health district of Hounde in Burkina Faso but also to define better control measures of maternal anaemia. Methods. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 had a sample of 3,140 pregnant women attending antenatal care in all the 18 primary health care facilities of the district. The women’s characteristics and their knowledge about contraceptives and sexually transmitted infections (STI) were collected. Also, physical and gynaecological examination, completed by vaginal, cervix, blood, and stool samplings, were collected. Results. A prevalence of 63.1% was recorded for maternal anaemia. Geophagy rate was 16.3% and vitamin A deficiency 69.3%. In addition, anaemia was independently associated with low education, low brachial perimeter, geophagy, and primigravida. But no statically significant relationship was found between maternal anaemia and infectious diseases or vitamin A deficiency. Conclusion. The magnitude of maternal anaemia was found to be higher in rural Hounde health district and should be addressed by adequate policy including education and the fight against malnutrition.

Psychometric properties of mooré version of WHOQOL HIV-BREF in patients with HIV infection in Burkina Faso

This study aims to examine psychometric properties of Moore version of World Health Organizations Quality of Life assessment short instrument in HIV patients (WHOQOL HIV-BREF).